Question

【題目】Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Like AIDS, flu is caused by a virus, a tiny packet of genes in a protein coat so simple that most biologists don’t 【1】 viruses truly “alive” until they invade（入侵）a host cell. Then they hijack the cell and use its energy to 【2】 out 100,000 to 1 million copies of themselves in just 10 hours. Eventually they become so great in number that they 【3】 the cell from within, flooding out to further infect the body. They are spread from respiratory（呼吸的）passages, through the cough and sneeze droplets on doorknobs, desktops, coat sleeves and food tables.

The cause of flu was unknown for many years—the virus wasn’t isolated until 1933. But now we know what makes flu such an annual irritant, and so 【4】 deadly, is that like HIV that causes AIDS, it is moving 【5】. Made of RNA instead of the more stable DNA, it changes like a movie monster, making vaccinations（疫苗接種）useless in a year or so.

One thing we know about the flu is that we can’t predict it. In part that’s because occasionally the flu will change completely in what is called a “shift” and 【6】 humans by such a surprise that a pandemic（流行疾�。�breaks out. An estimated three to six shifts occurred in the 18th century, four in the 19th, and three in the 20th, the 1918 pandemic, the 1957 Asian flu and the 1968 Hong Kong flue. Because it can take six to nine months to make enough of an effective vaccine, a deadly shift that 【7】 around the world is what gives health authorities nightmares.

But there is a global network to try to stop such a pandemic in its tracks. More than 80 countries and 121 U.S. cities belong to a reporting system to 【8】 flu.

And now, doctors know what causes flu. They have decades of experience with vaccines to fight it, and they even have anti-viral drugs, though those are expensive and of limited 【9】.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】E

【4】H

【5】G

【6】B

【7】I

【8】D

【9】F

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹流感病毒就像艾滋病毒一樣具有很強(qiáng)的傳染性，而且病毒變化多樣，在過去的很多年里科學(xué)家對流感都束手無策，經(jīng)過努力目前已經(jīng)有了可以對抗流感病毒的藥，但效果不是很理想。

【1】考查句意和動詞。句意：跟艾滋病一樣，流感也是由病毒引起的。病毒是外面裹著蛋白質(zhì)外殼的基因微粒，結(jié)構(gòu)非常簡單，又屬于惰性，因此大部分生物學(xué)家認(rèn)為病毒在侵入宿主細(xì)胞之前都不算真正"活著"。根據(jù)don’t判斷此處應(yīng)用動詞原形，在結(jié)合句意“在入侵宿主前生物學(xué)家認(rèn)為它們不是活的”符合語境,“認(rèn)為”是consider。故選C項(xiàng)。

【2】考查動詞和短語。句意：然后它們劫持細(xì)胞，用它的能量在僅僅10個(gè)小時(shí)之內(nèi)復(fù)制出10萬到100萬份。根據(jù)to判斷此處用動詞原形，再結(jié)合句意，此處應(yīng)譯為“生產(chǎn)，復(fù)制”，其表達(dá)為turn out。故選A項(xiàng)。

【3】考查動詞和句意。句意：最后，細(xì)胞因漲滿病毒而爆破。病毒大量釋放而感染患者全身。分析句子可知，此處是謂語動詞，再結(jié)合句意“病毒數(shù)量很多,從細(xì)胞內(nèi)部爆破出來”符合語境, “爆破”是burst。故選E項(xiàng)。

【4】考查副詞和句意。句意：不過我們現(xiàn)在知道流感之所以年年來襲且其潛在致命性如此高，就是因?yàn)樗�跟引發(fā)艾滋病的"人體免疫缺陷病毒"(HIV)一樣，都是游移不定的射擊目標(biāo)。deadly是形容詞，應(yīng)用副詞修飾，再結(jié)合句意“有潛在的致命性”符合文意。故選H項(xiàng)。

【5】考查名詞。句意：不過我們現(xiàn)在知道流感之所以年年來襲且其潛在致命性如此高，就是因?yàn)樗�跟引發(fā)艾滋病的"人體免疫缺陷病毒"(HIV)一樣，都是游移不定的要對付的目標(biāo)。根據(jù)moving判斷此處用名詞，結(jié)合上下文，對于人類來說流感是需要對付的“目標(biāo)”。故選G項(xiàng)。

【6】考查動詞。句意：部分原因是流感有時(shí)會完全改變，即所謂的“轉(zhuǎn)變”，以至于流感大爆發(fā)，讓人們措手不及。根據(jù)句意，此處考查固定短語take sb by surprise(使某人吃驚)。故選B項(xiàng)。

【7】考查動詞。句意：因?yàn)榇蠹s要花6到9個(gè)月時(shí)間才能制造有效的疫苗，所以世界各地爆發(fā)一場致命的流感是當(dāng)?shù)匦l(wèi)生局的噩夢。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是定語從句的謂語動詞，再結(jié)合句意，此處是指致命流感的爆發(fā)，“爆發(fā)”是explode。故選I項(xiàng)。

【8】考查動詞。句意：超過80個(gè)國家和121個(gè)美國城市加入了追蹤流感的報(bào)告系統(tǒng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是用不定式作為system的后置定語，故填動詞原型，再結(jié)合前文的such a pandemic in its tracks.可判斷此處用track（追蹤）。故選D項(xiàng)。

【9】考查名詞。句意：他們有幾十年的疫苗經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們甚至有抗病毒的藥，盡管這些藥物很貴，但效果有限。根據(jù)of limited判斷此處填名詞，再結(jié)合句意此處應(yīng)譯為“有限的效果”，“效果”是effectiveness。故選F項(xiàng)。