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Zoo elephants don’t live as long as those in the wild, according to a study sure to cause debate about keeping the giant animals on display. Researchers compared the life spans of elephants in European zoos with those living in Amboseli National Park in Kenya and others working on a timber enterprise in Buma. Animals in the wild or in natural working conditions had life expectancies twice than or more of their relatives in zoos.
Animal care activists have urged in recent years to discourage keeping elephants in zoos, largely because of the lack of space and small numbers of animals that can be kept in a group.
The researchers found that the median life span for African elephants in European zoos was 16.9 years, compared with 56 years for elephants who died of natural causes in Kenya’s Amboseli Park. Adding in those elephants killed by people in Africa lowered the median life expectancy there to 35.9 years. For the more endangered Asian elephants, the median life span in European zoos was 18.9 years, compared with 41.7 years for those working in the Burma Timber Enterprise. Median means half died younger than that age and half lived longer.
There is some good news, though. The life expectancies of zoo elephants have improved in recent years, suggesting an improvement in their care and raising, but “Protecting elephants in Africa and Asia is far more successful than protecting them in Western zoos.”
There are about 1,200 elephants in zoos, half in Europe, researchers concentrated on female elephants, which make up 80 percent of the zoo population. One amazing thing was that Asian elephants born in zoos had shorter life spans that those brought to the zoos from the wild.
Zoos usually lack large areas that elephants are used to in the wild, and that zoo animals often are alone or with one or two other unrelated animals, while in the wild they tend to live in related groups of 8 to 12 animals. In Asian elephants, baby death rates are two to three times higher in zoos than in the Burmese logging camps, and then, in adulthood, zoo-born animals die young. People are not sure why.
小題1:What is argued about in this passage?
A．Zoo elephants don’t live as long as those in the wild.
B．Elephants should not be on display.
C．Asian elephants are in danger.
D．Asia is far more successful in protecting elephants in zoos.
小題2:What does the underlined word “median” mean according to the passage?
A．AverageB．Longest. C．Shortest.D．Ordinary.
小題3:Which of the following is Not the disadvantage of keeping elephants in zoos?
A．Limited number of relatives.B．Lack of space.
C．Shorter life expectancy.D．Less attention.
小題4:Who are expected to pay more attention to the issue addressed?
A．Zoologists.B．Animal care activists.
C．Zoo visitors.D．The public.

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:D

試題分析：文章通過將野生大象和動物園飼養(yǎng)的大象對比，告訴讀者：不應該將大象放在動物園中飼養(yǎng)，因為這樣會影響它們的健康，縮短它們的壽命。
小題1:這是細節(jié)理解題。根據文章內容及第一段的第一句話（Zoo elephants don’t live as long as those in the wild, according to a study sure to cause debate about keeping the giant animals on display.）可知，人們對是否應該將大象關在動物園里展覽產生了爭論，故選B。
小題2:這是細節(jié)理解題。根據畫線單詞所在這一段的內容，尤其是該段的最后一句可知答案，故選A。
小題3:這是細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段提到了AB兩項內容；由第三段內容可得出C項內容，故選D。
小題4:這是細節(jié)理解題。根據People are not sure why.故選D。
點評：英語議論文有其獨特的框架結構，讓讀者迅速捕捉作者的觀點和思路，值得考生模仿，在文章開頭，1.通過主題句鮮明地提出觀點或引出將要論述的內容，防止在論述的過程中跑題。常用的句式有：引出話題/過渡，提出觀點，表達立場。2.多種形式展示論據。議論文在寫作手法上以議論為主，如通過對比觀點、闡明原因、列舉例子等，但有時也要運用說明、敘述、描寫等手法。議論中的說明常以議論的開展創(chuàng)造條件或是議論的補充；敘述和描寫應是為論點提供依據的，因此，敘述應該是概括的，描寫應該是簡要的。常用的句式有：總述原因，分層論述，列舉例子，引出經歷，分析原因，討論后果.3.總結升華，沖申觀點。在段或文章的結尾，考生可以用不同的語言表達，重申主題或提出解決問題的建議，從而使文章結構嚴謹、主題鮮明。常用的句式有：
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The British usually expect one or two snowfalls each year but the amount of snow rarely affects everyday life. However, this week Britain has had the worst snow it has seen in around 18 years. Some places had more than 30cm in a day.
The bad weather caused severe disruption. More than 3000 schools had to close as teachers and pupils were unable to get to school. School children weren’t too unhappy about it though as they headed out to play the snow, building snowmen, having snowball fights, sledging and some even snowboarding and skiing.
In London, bus services were withdrawn for a day and tubes and trains were cancelled. Major motorways in the country had to close. Many people were unable to get to work and it is thought the cost of this lost labor is around &1 billion (10 billion yuan) to businesses and the economy.
Anyone who wanted to leave the country had problems too. Runways were closed at all the UK’s major airports because of the amount of snow. Hundreds of flights were cancelled leaving some passengers stranded at airports.
So why is the UK so ill-prepared for snow? The mayor of London, Boris Johnson, explained that there aren’t enough snow –ploughs（鏟雪機）and gritters（撒沙機）and it doesn’t make sense to buy such equipment when it snows so infrequently.
The south-east of England was the hardest hit at the beginning of the week but the snow is now moving northwards where the chaos continues.
More ice and snow is forecast throughout the week and the advice from travel and weather organizations is to stay indoors unless you really need to venture out!
小題1: Which of the following facts is FALSE according to the passage?
A．More than 3000 schools had to close for the heavy snow.
B．Major motorways in the country had to close for the bad weather.
C．Runways were closed at all the UK’s major airports for the amount of snow.
D．The government organized to clear the snow away with snow-ploughs and gritters.
小題2: What does the underlined phrase venture out probably mean in last paragraph?
A．go outB．search out
C．take no risksD．stay indoors
小題3: What can we learn from the passage?
A．School children seemed happy to head out to play in the snow though schools had to close.
B．The cost of the lost labor reached around 10 billion yuan to businesses and the economy.
C．Hundreds of flights couldn’t land because the runways were closed at major British airports.
D．Tubes and trains in London were cancelled, but drivers were still driving in main motorways.
小題4:What can we infer from the passage?
A．The heavy snow is what the British have been expecting for 18 years.
B．The heavy snow has been a very rare heavy one in the UK for 18 years.
C．The heavy snow doesn't please school children at all.
D．The government isn’t ill-prepared for snow.
小題5:Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Harsh Winters Visit Britain
B．Heavy Snow Hits the UK
C．Bad Weather Causes Chaos Just in London
D．Heavy Snow Causes Disruption Only in Motorways

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Animal training refers to teaching animals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli (刺激). Training may be for the purpose of companionship, detection, protection, entertainment or all of the above.
An animal trainer may use various forms of reinforcement (強化) or punishment to condition an animal’s responses. Some animal trainers may have a knowledge of the principles of behavior analysis and operant conditioning (操作性條件反射), but there are many ways to train animals and as a general rule no legal requirements or certifications are required.

Training chickens has become a way for trainers of other animals (primarily dogs) to perfect their training technique. Bob Bailey, former director of Animal Behavior Enterprises and the IQ Zoo, teaches chicken training courses where trainers teach chickens to tell different shapes, to successfully pass through a way with obstacles (障礙) and to chain behaviors together. Chicken training is done using operant conditioning, using a clicker and chicken feed for reinforcement.

Fish can also be trained. For example, a goldfish may swim toward its owner and follow him as he walks through the room, but will not follow anyone else. The fish may swim up and down signaling the owner to turn on its aquarium light when it is off, and it will skim the surface until its owner feeds it. Pet goldfish have also been taught to perform more difficult tasks, such as doing the limbo (a                         kind of dance) and pushing a very small soccer ball into a net.

Among all animals, they are the third cleverest after monkeys and dolphins. Scientists think the training of pigs is easier than the training of dogs and cats. Pigs have a very good sense of smell. They can find things nearby or faraway. They can also help the police to find out drugs at an airport or at a train station.
小題1:The aim of training animals is to _________.
A．detect objects for peopleB．keep people company
C．protect or entertain peopleD．all of the above
小題2:Which is True according to the passage?
A．Most people teach animals general responses to general conditions.
B．Training animals requires some certifications.
C．Training chickens is a way to improve the trainers’ skills.
D．Chickens can be trained to help the police to find out drugs.
小題3:According to the passage, a fish can _________.
A．be trained to follow anyone
B．turn on its aquarium light when it is off
C．signal its owner to feed it
D．take part in a football game in the field
小題4:Scientists think the training of pigs is easier because _________.
A．pigs do not bite like dogs
B．pigs are smart animals
C．pigs have a good sense of hearing
D．pigs can help find out drugs at an airport

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

“Write All About It”
Centerville High School Essay（論文）Contest
Rules
1. Students are asked to submit essays of 500 to 700 words of their own work. Any essay containing material plagiarized(剽竊) from another source will be disqualified.
2. Manuscripts should be typed double-spaced, with the student’s name, address, and grade level on a separate sheet of paper.
3. Essays must be turned in by 4:00 p.m. on November 30. They can be brought to Mrs. Elton in Room 104 or to Mr. Markham in the school library.
Essay-Writing Tips
1. Catch your readers’ interest－Your opening should immediately pull your readers into your essay. Asking a question or starting with an anecdote, quotation, or surprising statement are some good ways to do this.
2. Create a picture－Use active words that show your readers what is happening. Instead of telling your readers vaguely that “the room was disordered,” paint a picture using active verbs and lively adjectives.
3. Have a purpose－Well-written essays do more than just describe an incident or express a viewpoint, they also communicate a message.
4.Check for mistakes－Read your paper over to check for mistakes. Ask another student to read your paper and make suggestions. Another pair of eyes will often spot a mistake you’ve overlooked.
5. Format your essay－Neatly type your essay on white paper. Choose an attractive cover for submission. The computer lab will be open after school from 3:15 to 4:45 p.m. each day this month so that students can use the computers.
Prizes
Winning essays will be published in the Centerville Times. Everyone who takes part in it will also receive a free pass to enter one school activity this year.
First Prize:      $ 50 savings bond
Second Prize:    Dictionary and reference book
Third Prize:      Pen set and journal
小題1:Which of the following rules is set for the essay contest?
A．Students can write something exactly as it is written in other books.
B．Students’ personal information should be listed on another piece of paper.
C．Essays must be brought to Mr. Markham in the computer lab on November 30.
D．The students winning second prize will be awarded a dictionary and a book.
小題2:Which of the following writing tips is given in the passage?
A．Drawing a picture to go with the essay.
B．Trying to communicate an important idea to readers.
C．Asking a teacher to find the mistakes you haven’t found.
D．Making the essay short enough to hold the readers’ interest.
小題3:The article is written to ____. 
A．convince the students of the prizes available
B．explain how to write a good essay
C．inform the students of the essay contest
D．show how to organize an essay contest

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

South Asia heatwave kills nearly 100.
DHAKA - A heat wave sweeping India, Bangladesh(孟加拉國) and Nepal has killed nearly 100 people over the past two weeks, officials said on June 3, 2005.
A third of the people died in northern Bangladesh, mostly women and children from dehydration(脫水), heat stroke and diarrhoea(腹瀉).
"We are getting reports of several deaths due to heat wave and related diseases almost every day," an official said, as temperatures touched 43degC .
The weather office in Dhaka said the hot weather will persist for another week until the monsoon(季風) rains which are normally due by the middle of June.
Severe heat conditions in the southern Indian have killed at least 55 people, officials in the two states said.
While temperatures have fallen from a high of 45degC in Andhra Pradesh to around 40degC, giving a respite to people, they are still on the rise in Orissa with Talcher town registering 48.5deg C, a weather official said.
At least five people have died in Nepal from extreme heat, the government said.
小題1:We can infer that the heatwave can cause ______.
A．heat stokeB．dehydrationC．diarrhoeaD．all above
小題2:When the monsoon rains come, the temperature will _______.
A．remain the same
B．go on to rise sharply
C．begin to drop obviously
D．rise a little
小題3:Which place is the hottest in the early June, 2005?
A．DhakaB．TalcherC．Andhra PradeshD．Nepal

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Hundreds of secondary schools are using a controversial reward scheme which “bribes” (賄賂)pupils with iPods and DVD players to turn up in classes and do homework.
Almost one million schoolchildren have been issued with supermarket-style reward cards which allow them to collect good-behavior “points” and cash them in for prizes.
Schools taking part in the “Vivo Miles” scheme are spending several thousand pounds a year in an attempt to cut truancy (逃學) and promote achievements. The prizes are ultimately funded by the taxpayer, through school budgets. Nearly 500 secondary schools, one in six, have decided to take part in the scheme, which is intended to replace old-style rewards such as stickers and golden stars.
But the extent of rewards being offered in schools brought a warning that a generation of children is growing up expecting to be rewarded at every stage. Many youngsters are collecting points for ordinary achievements such as remembering to bring their PE kit and wearing the correct uniform.
Under the scheme, teachers award Vivo points—worth 1 penny each—according to the school’s policy. Schools typically spend￡4 to￡6 on prizes per pupil each year, although some commit considerably more. Most pupils accumulate between 400 and 600 Vivos a year. Vivo Miles insists it is “pretty rare” for a pupil to accumulate enough points to buy an iPod, which requires 3,100 Vivos.
But Chris McGovern, chairman of the Campaign for Real Education, said the scheme amounted to “bribery”. “It misleads children into thinking anything which requires effort has to have a special reward,” he said. “This ‘all must have prizes’ view is damaging to children in the long-term.” The scheme amounted to an “admission of failure” by schools. He said. “It shows a school has failed to convince children education is important.”
小題1:The “Vivo Miles” scheme is aimed at ______________.
A．increasing the income of the school
B．encouraging students to perform well at school
C．inviting more students to attend the school nearby
D．encouraging parents to donate to the school
小題2:The underlined word “controversial” in the first paragraph can be replaced by __________.
A．arguableB．practicalC．strangeD．mature
小題3:Those who oppose the “Vivo Miles” scheme think ______________.
A．it helps control the problem of truancy
B．it teaches children the importance of saving
C．it will mislead children about efforts and rewards
D．it’s not easy to get more than 600 Vivos a year
小題4:What’s the writer’s attitude towards the scheme?
A．Supportive.B．Opposed.C．Unconcerned.D．Objective.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When TV news programmers report wars or diseases, the editors rarely use the most horrifying pictures of dead or wounded victims because they don’t want to upset their viewers. Even so, viewers are usually warned in advance that they“may find some of these scenes disturbing”, so they can look away if they choose. But the men and women whose job is to record those scenes, the TV cameramen, have no such choice. It is their duty to witness the horrors of the world and record them, no matter how unpleasant they may be. As a result, it is one of the most dangerous, exposed and emotionally taxing jobs the world has to offer.
Today, the demand for their work is rising. The explosion of satellite broadcasting and 24hour news in recent years has created an almost insatiable（不能滿足的）demand for TV information. But major broadcaster sand the TV news agencies（部）, such as Reuters and WTN, have never had enough staff（人員）to meet thje worldwide demand for up-to-date pictures, so increasingly they turn to freelance（自由職業(yè)的）TV cameramen.
These freelance cameramen are independent operators tied to no particular organization. They will work for any company which hires them, for just a few hours or for several weeks in a war zone. But if the freelance cameraman is injured in the course of the job, the TV company is not responsible for him. The freelance must survive on his own.
“TV will always need hard, vivid and moving pictures which are fresh, but these companies feel uncomfortable with large numbers of employees on their books.”Explains Nik Cowing, once a foreign editor for Britain’s Channel 4 news and now a BBC news presenter.
“By hiring freelancers, they can buy in the skills they need only when they need them. It also enables them to reduce the risk.”He says.
小題1:In the last sentence of the first paragraph,“taxing”most probably means“       ”.
A．depressingB．satisfying
C．demandingD．encouraging
小題2:TV news agencies turn to freelance cameramen in order to          .
A．save expense and avoid（避免）risks
B．buy pictures which are the most stimulating（剌激的）to the senses
C．look for pictures that are of fine qualities
D．get first-hand information and pictures
小題3:The freelance cameramen          .
A．have better skills than other cameramen
B．are tied to many TV news agencies
C．have to take great risks in the course of work
D．need to reduce risks of work for TV companies
小題4:It is implied in the passage that        .
A．TV cameramen have to witness disasters and killings whether they like them or not
B．TV cameramen are a special group of people who enjoy horrifying pictures
C．TV cameramen should be given greater choice of work
D．the development of TV resulted in the growing demand for TV cameramen’s work
小題5:The main idea of the first paragraph is         .
A．TV programs are reducing the use of horrible pictures of death and wound
B．it is a requirement of work for TV cameramen to disregard people’s feelings
C．it is the duty of TV cameramen to record horrifying scenes
D．TV cameramen’s job is extremely dangerous and emotionally taxing

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Toyoda said those changes were being made nearly around the clock，but during three hours of often tense questions and answers he repeated that there was no link to the vehicle’s electronic systems．
Many drivers making complaints against Toyota and the government say their acceleration problems had nothing to do with floor mat interference(油門踏板故障)or sticky gas pedals(剎車)．Outside experts have suggested electronic problems.
House lawmakers expressed serious criticism on Toyoda，the grandson of the company’s founder．
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)is seeking records on Toyota’s recalls and is conducting its own review on whether electronics were behind the car faults．NHTSA also continues to look into steering complaints from drivers of the popular Corolla model．
Toyota has recalled 8.5 million cars，more than 6 million of them in the United States．
It may be a while before car buyers believe that Toyota really makes safe cars．
Toyota’s January sales already fell 16 percent even as most other automakers jumped back from last year’s bad results．Analyst Koji Endo of Advanced Research Japan in Tokyo said he expects February sales，due out next week，to be down 30 percent to 40. Toyota’s sales problem could continue beyond that． 
It will take some time to feel the full effect of this，he said．
小題1:The best title for this passage is           ．
A．Toyota is in troubleB．Toyota is under hearing
C．Toyota is finished D．Toyota is still running
小題2:What is the purpose of the hearing?
A．America hopes that Toyota apologizes to the US customers．
B．America wants to get Toyota out of the US market．
C．America wants to help Toyota out of difficulty．
D．America hopes that Toyota admits their cars have electronic system problem．
小題3:What can we infer from the passage?
A．Toyota provides very good post sale service．
B．Toyota’s biggest market is in the United States．
C．Toyota will be closed soon．
D．Toyota’s dealership in the US will all be closed．
小題4:The last sentence of this passage indicates            .
A．Analyst Koji Endo is fully confident about Toyota
B．Toyota could meet a worse situation
C．Toyota would get out of trouble sooner or later
D．Toyota would build up a better reputation among its customers

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are new findings that not enough sleep may cause people to gain weight. Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal(激素的) changes that increase feelings of hunger.
In one study, researchers in the United States examined information on more than 1000 people. The people had taken part in a long-term study of sleep disorders.
Some people slept less than five hours a night. They had 15 percent higher blood levels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours. And they had 15 percent less of the hormone leptin. Experts say ghrelin helps make people feel hungry; leptin makes you feel full.
The scientists say these hormonal changes may be a cause of obesity in Western societies. They note the combination that sleep limitation is common and food is widely available.
The results were not affected by how much people exercised. People who are awake longer have more time to burn energy. But the researchers say loss of sleep may increase hunger especially for high-calorie foods, so people gain weight. It seems that, for survival, the body may be designed to store more fat during times with less sleep.
Researchers from Stanford University in California and the University of Wisconsin did the study. They found that the best amount of sleep for weight control is 7.7 hours a night.
The Public Library of Science published the findings in its journal Medicine . Internet users can read the full study, free of charge, at plos. org.
小題1:Not enough sleep can cause obesity by ______.
A．burning more of your energy
B．making you want to eat more food
C．keeping you from doing exercise
D．helping you feel great without food
小題2:Which would be a point supported by the reported findings?
The more you sleep, the farther away you are from obesity.
Those who don’t sleep at all are the most likely to put on weight.
Sleeping contributes more to obesity than eating.
It’s not wise to use sleep hours for exercise.
小題3:When you sleep 7.7 hours a night, you will ______ .
have your ghrelin level rise and leptin level drop
have your leptin level rise and ghrelin level drop
have your ghretin and leptin levels properly balanced
have your hunger increase and your weight decrease
小題4:The writer wrote this passage to _______ .
A．make a news report
B．offer a piece of medical advice
C．make an advertisement
D．keep a record of the old findings
小題5:You can read the findings________.
A．Only on the Internet
B．only in Medicine
C．Both on the Internet and in Medicine
D．Neither on the Internet nor in Medicine

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