Text-messaging, the shorthand language favored by teenagers has started to push aside

traditional grammar among high school English learners.

   Today's teenagers are 10 times more likely to use non-standard English in written exams than before. They use informal words, phrases and text messages such as "m8" for "mate", "2"instead of "too" and "u" for "you".

   This language has made it into classrooms. School children are now handing in essays（短文） written in text messages.

   Educators say abbreviated words are fine for text messages on the mobile phone, but in school essays, it only shows the laziness of today's youth. They argue that the use of these shortened forms allows the users to avoid having to spell and use the language correctly.

   Despite this, a two-year study by Cambridge University has found that today's teenagers are using far more complex（復雜的） sentence structures, a wider vocabulary and a more ex-act use of capital letters, punctuation and spelling. The quality of writing has also improved, said Alf Massey, head of the department of Cambridge University that carried out the study. But phrases that may not have been acceptable to examiners have come into regular use gradually.

   Barry Spur, a senior lecturer in English at the University of Sydney, said it was no surprise to learn that students were using the shorthand language in their studies as a move away from the formal use of English.

    Spur said the real test was whether teenagers stuck to using informal words and phrases and text messages when they were writing something they knew required a more formal use of English.

    He also questioned whether the shorthand really did lead to greater cleanness of language or whether it was simply faster.

1．What do many teenagers prefer to use in written exams?

A． Formal words.                         B． Non-standard English.

C． Traditional grammar rules.              D． Numbers and letters.

2．Which of the following is tree according to the passage?

    A． Alf Massey was the head of Cambridge University.

B． The teenagers have improved the quality of writing.

C． Barry Spur was a senior lecturer in English in Cambridge University.

D． The study was carried out for three years.

3．The exact meaning of the underlined word．" abbreviated" in Paragraph 4 is     .

A． written        B． enlarged        C． shortened        D． spoken

4．The main idea of the passage is __

A． teenagers like to use text messages

B． text-messaging enters classrooms

C． mobile phone shorthand also belongs to formal essays

D． the usage of text messages shows the laziness of today's youth

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