Researchers conducting a study of hospital stays for over two hundred and eighty six thousand older folks found something interesting in their data.
The number of hospitalizations for heart disease and stroke went down significantly among a certain group of people at a certain time of year. What folks, and what time of year, you ask? Flu season and the lucky people were the ones who got flu shots(流感疫苗).
It’s generally recommended that people over fifty get their flu shots every year. Influenza(流行性感冒) is no small thing. it’s responsible for around thirty six thousand deaths a year in the U. S. alone. Getting the shots also cuts down on the chances of get­ting pneumonia(肺炎), which is especially dangerous in seniors.
But what wasn’t known was that there seems to be an added benefit to getting a flu shots in terms of warding off heart problems. The data,in fact, are quite strong in suggesting this is the case.
In this study, flu shots cut clown the number of hospitalizations for heart disease by nineteen percent. Stroke went down sixteen percent one season and a whopping twenty-three percent a second season.These are big results.
So what's the connection between getting a flu shot and having a stronger heart? It isn’t yet known.
Researchers speculate that the flu virus itself may do damage to blood vessels(血管), possibly making clots(血塊)more likely. Blood clots in the heart can cause heart attacks, and blood clots in the brain can cause strokes.
Whatever the specific details are, there's one more good reason to follow your doctor’ s advice and get that annual flu shot.
小題1:According to the study, the number of hospitalizations for heart disease and stroke went down significanntly among the ones who _____.
A．got flu shots after they were ill
B．got flu shots before they were ill
C．got flu shots at the flu season
D．got flu shots whenever convenient
小題2:The benefits of getting flu shots can be listed except that_____.
A．it can cut down on the chances of getting pneumonia
B．it can cut down the number of hospitalizations for heart disease
C．it can kill the flu virus
D．if can make blood clots
小題3:The underlined phrase "warding off" probably means_______.
A．keeping awayB．dealing withC．setting offD． picking up
小題4:According to the passage, we'd better ______.
A．work out to fight against influenzaB．get flu shot every year
C．follow our doctor's all adviceD．protect our blood vessels

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:B

試題分析：一定恨透了流感吧？頭疼腦熱，四肢無力，涕淚四流……但你是否知道偶爾患患流感能降低罹患心臟病與中風(fēng)的危險呢？讓我們一起來聽聽研究人員的新發(fā)現(xiàn)吧。。
小題1:細節(jié)理解題。由“Flu season and the lucky people were the ones who got flu shots(流感疫苗).”可知接種了流感疫苗的人患心臟病和中風(fēng)更少些 。故選C。
小題2:細節(jié)理解題。由“Researchers speculate that the flu virus itself may do damage to blood vessels(血管), possibly making clots(血塊)more likely. ”可知血液會更快速的凝結(jié)成塊，這會在心臟里堆積導(dǎo)致心臟病 。故選D。
小題3:詞義猜測題。從上下文可知流感疫苗有某種好處，所以推斷是“避免”心臟病 。keeping away 遠離；dealing with處理；setting off使爆炸；picking up撿起。故選A。
小題4:細節(jié)理解題。由“Whatever the specific details are, there's one more good reason to follow your doctor’ s advice and get that annual flu shot.”可知每年接種流感疫苗更安全些 。故選B。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Global warming happens when greenhouse gases trap heat and light from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere, which increases the temperature. This is like when heat is trapped in a car. On a hot day, the car gets hotter when it is out in the parking lot. This is because the heat and light from the sun can get into the car, by going through the windows，but it can’t get back out. This is what the greenhouse effect does to the earth .The heat and light can get through the atmosphere, but it can’t get out As a result，the temperature rises.
Sometimes the temperature can change in a way that helps us. The greenhouse effect makes the earth appropriate for people to live on Without it，the earth would be freezing，or it would be burning hot. It would be freezing at night because we would not get the sun’s heat and light .During the day, especially during the summer, it would be burning because the sun would be up with no atmosphere to filter(過濾)it，so people，plants，and animals would be exposed to all the light and heat.
Although the greenhouse effect makes the earth able to have people living on it，if there gets to be too many gases，the each can get unusually warmer, and many plants，animals．a(chǎn)nd people will die. Plants would die because they would not be able to take the heat .This would cause us to have less food to eat, and it would also limit the food that animals have. With less food for the animals that we need to survive we would even have less food. Gradually, people，plants，and animals would all die of hunger．
People are doing many things to try to stop global warming .One thing is carpooling—driving with someone to a place that you are both going to. Another thing is being more careful about leaving electrical devices turned on. Now, more people are even riding buses or bikes to lower the amount of greenhouse gases in the air .Although adults do many things to help stop global warming, kids call do just as much.
小題1:By the example given in Paragraph l, the author wants to__________.
A．explain how global warming happens
B．show his feeling in a car in hot summer
C．tell us cars are causes of greenhouse gases
D．say that I there are greenhouse gases in every car
小題2:The underlined word ‘it” in Paragraph 2 refers to__________.
A．lightB．greenhouse effectC．temperatureD．heat
小題3:What is the effect of atmosphere?
A．IT only traps the heat of the sun.
B．It does great harm to humans.
C．It makes the earth neither to hot nor too cold.
D．It prevents all the light from the sun shining on the earth.
小題4:What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A．lf there is greenhouse effect．a(chǎn)ll the plants will die
B．Human beings are likely to disappear from the earth
C．Crops can ′t take in the heat lf there is greenhouse effect
D．Although greenhouse effect is necessary．Too much of it will cause us to die.
小題5:What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A．What kids can do to help stop global warming.
B．Who should be responsible for the environmental problems.
C．What global warming is doing to the environment.
D．Why cars and buses pollute the air a lot

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

According to body language expert Robert Phipps，the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personality they have.Phipps has identified four sleeping positions that affect personality.
Phipps found that worriers，those who stress the most，tend to sleep in the fetal(胎兒的)position.He found that this is the most common bedtime position，with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down.The more we curl up(蜷曲)，the more comfort we are seeking，according to Phipps.
The second most common position is the log.Sleeping with a straight body，with arms at each side，as if they are standing guard at Buckingham Palace，indicates stubbornness，and these people(the 28 percent who sleep this way)often wake up stiffer than when they went to sleep.
“The longer you sleep like this，the more rigid your thinking is and you can become inflexible，which means you make things harder for yourself，”according to Phipps.
Yearner(向往型)sleepers are next on the list.About 25 percent of people sleep in this style—on their side with arms stretched out in front，looking as if they are either chasing a dream or perhaps being chased themselves.Yearners are typically their own worst critics，always expecting the best results，explained Phipps.These people often wake up refreshed and eager to face the challenges of the day ahead.
Perhaps the most peculiar(奇怪的)of sleep styles is the freefaller position.This sleep style makes up 17 percent of the population.They sleep face down with arms stretched out.These people，according to Phipps，feel like they have little control over their life.Not only is this the strangest of sleep styles，but also the least comfortable，and people may wake up feeling tired and have no energy.
In conclusion，Phipps has only one more thing to add：“A good night's sleep sets you up for the following day and our sleeping positions can determine how we feel when we wake.”
小題1:Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．A Good Night's Sleep Sets You Up for the Following Day
B．Your Personality Depends a Lot on How You Sleep at Night
C．How You Sleep at Night Affects What You Do the Next Day
D．Which Sleeping Position Helps You Sleep Comfortably
小題2:Which of the following pictures is the fetal position?

小題3:The underlined word“rigid”is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．stubbornB．flexible
C．comfortableD．strange
小題4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
CP：Central 　P：Point　Sp：Sub?point
C：Conclusion

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Anyone who doubts if children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their first efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often tied to their children's success, it can be a painful experience.
Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn't suffer from a learning disability, or isn't involved in some family crisis(危機) at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or classmate pressure.“Everything is within the kids' control；their intelligence is changeable,”says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says,“Parents can play a key role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort and progress rather than emphasizing their “smartness” or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”
Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids.“These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren't considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist. Howard and other educators say it's important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extra­curricular activities.
“The problem of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambition,”says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to free them of the idea that class work is irrelevant, and to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. They need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.
小題1:According to the passage, the parents of kids with no ambition ________.
A．don't do a very good job on teaching them to walk
B．a(chǎn)re to blame if the kids do poorly in school
C．feel pain because their own ambition is connected to their kids' success
D．should take part in extra­curricular activities with kids
小題2: The underlined part “the fire went out” probably means ________.
A．the motivation was suddenly lost
B．the fear of failure was suddenly gone
C．the learning disability was suddenly lost
D．the fire was suddenly gone
小題3:All the following can contribute to a sudden lack of ambition EXCEPT ________.
A．learning disabilityB．classmate pressure
C．emphasis on testingD．extra­curricular activities
小題4:What is the most important thing for parents in motivating their kids?
A．Punishing kids who don't display ambition.
B．Emphasizing smartness and high performance.
C．Telling kids that mistakes are a part of learning.
D．Praising the effort and progress they have made.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker(貼畫) for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said.
Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That’s because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You’re a great vegetable taster”, did not work as well.
The study found that when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables—either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas—in laboratory taste tests, the study said.
Researchers randomly assigned (分派) 173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where Parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”.
Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day for 12 days. Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables—and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround(轉(zhuǎn)機) also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once-disliked vegetable three months later.
Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.
小題1:The purpose of writing the passage is      .
A．to show the procedure of an experiment on children’s diet
B．to introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetables
C．to explain why children hate to eat vegetables
D．to present a proper way of verbal praise to parents
小題2:The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_______”.
A．shoot from behind the back
B．make a fire in the backyard
C．produce an unexpected result
D．a(chǎn)chieve what was planned
小題3:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.
B．Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables.
C．Oral praise works quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.
D．It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.
小題4:What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Children like rewards, not verbal praise.
B．Parents should give up verbal praise.
C．Children are difficult to inspire.
D．Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are quite a few advantages of wearing school uniforms. The idea may seem disagreeable at first, but considering all the positive effects coming from wearing uniforms you would be more likely to enjoy them.
Teachers love school uniforms because it helps provide an orderly learning environment. Having students dressed in uniforms may teach them how to present themselves in a neat and professional manner. It gives students the opportunity to learn how to dress like young ladies and gentleman. And they can focus their attention on academics rather than style.
Purchasing (購買) school uniforms is easy and needs less hesitation and consideration. No matter what the school’s policy is, there are only specific essential (基本的) pieces to the wardrobe (服裝) that are necessary, so it won’t break the bank. A few wardrobe items can last a long time. Parents could also enjoy an easy morning, as it will take less time to choose a set of clothes for the school day.
Students wearing uniforms will feel less pressure about what to wear or not to wear when their classmates are dressed similarly. Getting dressed before school becomes less of a chore(瑣事) when students are limited in their choices, so there shouldn’t be any trouble about choosing an outfit for the day and getting ready quickly. Some students may not like the lack of individuality(個性) with a uniform, but some school dress code policies may offer them the opportunities to show their unique styles.
Uniforms today are also becoming trendier and can be seen in many areas of pop culture. Celebrities(名人)and fashion designers are using uniforms as inspiration for new looks which also appeal to students.
小題1:What would be the best title for the text?
A．How to dress properly.
B．The history of school uniforms.
C．The advantages of school uniforms.
D．How to deal with pressure in school.
小題2:Teachers think that wearing school uniforms ________________.
A．is just a tradition that students should follow
B．makes students feel less pressure in study
C．helps students put more effort into their studies
D．makes students lose their independence and identity
小題3:The underlined part “it won’t break the bank” in Paragraph 3 probably means “__________”.
A．a(chǎn) school uniform doesn’t cost a lot of money
B．a(chǎn) school uniform should be worn every day
C．parents will have to go to the bank many times
D．parents who work in a bank can afford the uniform
小題4:We can infer from the text that school uniforms _________.
A．a(chǎn)re not popular with fashion designers
B．were not accepted by parents in the past
C．will be designed by students themselves
D．will be more fashionable in the future
小題5:The author’s attitude towards students’ wearing school uniforms is ___________.
A．negative B．supportive C．doubtful D．unclear

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most people know precious gemstones (寶石) by their appearances. An emerald flashes deep green, a ruby seems to hold a red fire inside, and a diamond shines like a star. It’s more difficult to tell where the gem was mined, since a diamond from Australia or Arkansas may appear the same to one from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, recently, a team of scientists has found a way to identify a gemstone’s origin.
Beneath the surface of a gemstone, on the tiny level of atoms and molecules（分子）, lie clues (線索) to its origin. At this year’s meeting of the Geological Society of America in Minneapolis, Catherine McManus reported on a technique that uses lasers (激光) to clarify these clues and identify a stone’s homeland. McManus directs scientific research at Materialytics, in Killeen, Texas. The company is developing the technique. “With enough data, we could identify which country, which mining place, even the individual mine a gemstone comes from,” McManus told Science News.
Some gemstones, including many diamonds, come from war-torn countries. Sales of those “blood minerals” may encourage violent civil wars where innocent people are injured or killed. In an effort to reduce the trade in blood minerals, the U.S. government passed law in July 2010 that requires companies that sell gemstones to determine the origins of their stones.
To figure out where gemstones come from, McManus and her team focus a powerful laser on a small sample of the gemstone. The technique is called laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Just as heat can turn ice into water or water into steam, energy from the laser changes the state of matter of the stone. The laser changes a miniscule part of the gemstone into plasma, a gas state of matter in which tiny particles（微粒）called electrons separate from atoms.
The plasma, which is superhot, produces a light pattern. (The science of analyzing this kind of light pattern is called spectroscopy.) Different elements（元素）produce different patterns, but McManus and her team say that gemstones from the same area produce similar patterns. Materialytics has already collected patterns from thousands of gemstones, including more than 200 from diamonds. They can compare the light pattern from an unknown gemstone to patterns they do know and look for a match. The light pattern acts like a signature, telling the researchers the origin of the gemstone.
In a small test, the laser technique correctly identified the origins of 95 out of every 100 diamonds. For gemstones like emeralds and rubies, the technique proved successful for 98 out of every 100 stones. The scientists need to collect and analyze more samples, including those from war-torn countries, before the tool is ready for commercial use.
Scientists like Barbara Dutrow, a mineralogist from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, find the technique exciting. “This is a basic new tool that could provide a better fingerprint of a material from a particular locality,” she told Science News.
小題1:We learn from Paragraph 1 that __________________.
A．a(chǎn)n emerald and a ruby are names of diamonds.
B．it’s not difficult to tell where the gem was mined.
C．a(chǎn)ppearances help to identify the origin of gemstones.
D．diamonds from different places may appear the same.
小題2:Why did the U.S. government pass law that requires companies selling gemstones to determine the origins of their stones?
A．To look for more gemstones.
B．To encourage violent civil wars.
C．To reduce the trade in blood minerals.
D．To develop the economy.
小題3:Which of the following facts most probably helps McManus and her team in identifying the origin of stones?
A．Heat can turn ice into water or water into steam.
B．Gemstones from the same area produce similar light patterns.
C．Laser can changes a miniscule part of the gemstone into plasma.
D．Materialytics has already collected patterns from thousands of gemstones.
小題4:From the last two paragraphs, what can be inferred about the laser technique?
A．It is ready for commercial use.
B．People can use the new tool to find more gemstones.
C．It can significantly reduce the gemstones trade in blood minerals.
D．It will bring about a revolutionary change in identifying the origin of minerals.
小題5:The author wrote this passage mainly to ________.
A．tell us how to identify the origin of diamonds.
B．introduce a laser technique in identifying a stone’s origin
C．prove identifying the origin of gemstones are difficult
D．a(chǎn)ttract our attention to reducing trade in blood minerals

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What would it be like to take a walk on the surface of Mars? If you could design the tallest building in the world, what would it look like? Do you dream of being the next J．K. Rowling? This summer, you can experience all of these things, and more. All you need is an Internet connection and your imagination.
A recent study by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that kids spend an average of 1 hour and 29 minutes online each day. Many kids like to use that time to chat with friends, play games or check e­mails. But the next time you get on the Web, try exploring the world instead. “With the Internet, you can go back 11,000 years in time, or go 11,000 kilometers across the planet.” said Russell, Web search expert of Google. “The whole scope of history and the world is open to you.”
There is a wealth of information to be found online. For example, if your family is going on vacation somewhere，do a quick online search on the area before you even get in the car. “What's the background of the place; what's the history？” says Russell. “I like to tell my kids, ‘Whenever you have a question, whenever you have a doubt, search it out.’”
Ready to launch a virtual journey of your own? Here are a few starting points to get you thinking and to help you on your way. You can invite your parents along for the ride, too. Always ask for permission before downloading programs and software onto your computer. And check with a parent or an adult before visiting a new Web site.
Navigate the world in 3­D with Google Earth. Begin in outer space and zoom(快速移動) into the streets of any city, from Hong Kong to San Francisco. Or visit ancient monuments, watch the changing rainforests over time, and dive underwater to explore tropical reef.
With the Moon in Google Earth tool, you can walk in Neil Armstrong's famous footsteps. Take a guided tour of the moon's surface with Armstrong's fellow shuttle mate astronaut Buzz Aldrin.
When you're exploring that part of the solar system, hop on over to the Red Planet with Google Mars. There, you can move very quickly around the surface and see images from the Mars Rovers.
小題1:The author uses questions in the first passage to ________.
A．introduce the topic of the paragraph
B．question the possibility of realizing the dream
C．a(chǎn)ttract the readers' attention
D．let the readers answer it
小題2:How do you travel around the world in a day according to the passage?
A．By taking the time shuttle.
B．By making use of the Internet
C．By watching 3­D films.
D．By finding a tourism company in Google
小題3:Russell thought ________.
A．the students spent too much time on the Internet
B．the students shouldn't chat and play games online
C．the students could solve their problems through the line
D．the students should learn knowledge instead of chatting online
小題4:What's the purpose of the passage?
A．Encourage the kids to spend more time online.
B．Encourage the kids to do some research on science.
C．Encourage the kids to learn to use the computer.
D．Encourage the kids to explore the world online.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Bad teeth may be painful and it’s getting worse without treatment. They can even ruin your life. Illness of the teeth can find its way into the blood system. This can increase the chances of a heart disease or other illnesses.
Experts say good care for teeth should start at birth. Mothers’ milk is the best food for the healthy development of teeth.
But dentists say a baby’s mouth and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding. Use a cloth with a little warm water. Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give him only water.
When baby’s teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. Young children often eat toothpaste (牙膏) when they brush, so they should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth.
Parents often ask what effect thumb sucking (咬手指) might have on their baby’s teeth. Experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their thumbs by the age of four. If it continues, parents should talk to their children’s dentist or doctor.
Dentists say children should have their first dental visit by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear usually at around six months.
小題1:Why should people pay attention to teeth problems?
A．They can cause other illnesses.
B．They will bring bad luck.
C．They will bring the family much trouble.
D．They usually last a long time.
小題2: According to the writer, baby’s teeth should be protected from the day ______.
A．he begins to speakB．he has his first tooth
C．he was bornD．he is fed with bottle milk
小題3:The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refers to “_____”.
A．toothacheB．parents’ troubleC．thumb suckingD．experts’ advice

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