Question

People laugh and people cry. But it is thought that emotions such as anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears(落淚者) is likely to apologize, even when a great tragedy was the cause. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional tears. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive (適得其反).

Humans are the only animals clearly known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that increase survival.

Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to ask for assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vo-cal (出聲的) cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears that there must be something special about tears themselves.

Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in easing stress. University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently separated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.

Other researchers are looking into the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs. At Tulane University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse, to study the causes of "dry eye" syndrome(綜合癥) and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.

1.What does the phrase "both those responses" in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A. Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.

B. The embarrassment and unpleasant feelings of the observers.

C. Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.

D. The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort to stop the crying.

2.It is known from the first paragraph that____.

A. shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to Americans

B. crying may often result in tragedy

C. crying usually wins sympathy from other people

D. one who sheds tears in public will be blamed

3.What does the author say about crying?

A. It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.

B. It must have a role to play in man' s survival.

C. It is meant to get attention and assistance.

D. It usually produces the desired effect.

4.From the passage we can infer that____.

A. it is unnatural for people to shed tears

B. we can reduce our stress by shedding tears

C. shedders of tears can' t get help by crying loudly

D. unlike animals, humans can shed tears for survival

 

Answer 1

1.D

2.A

3.C

4.B

【解析】

試題分析：人們開心的時(shí)候會(huì)笑，不開心的時(shí)候會(huì)哭泣。但是，生氣、歡樂(lè)等情緒會(huì)讓美國(guó)人感到不舒服。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)槟撤N情感而流出的淚水能夠減輕壓力。研究人員在情緒性的淚水中發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩種特殊的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，而切洋蔥時(shí)流的淚中不含這兩種物質(zhì)。

1.The shedder of tears(落淚者) is likely to apologize,...The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional tears.”可知，劃線部分指的是流淚者的道歉和他人的安慰，故選D。

2.The shedder of tears(落淚者) is likely to apologize, even when a great tragedy was the cause.”可知，即使是因?yàn)楹鼙瘧K的事情落淚，只要被他人看見，落淚者就會(huì)道歉，說(shuō)明美國(guó)人認(rèn)為眼淚會(huì)給他人帶來(lái)不好的感受，故選A。

3.crying is a way to ask for assistance form others...Vo-cal (出聲的) cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention.”可知，哭是求助的一種方式，但是，僅有出聲的哭喊就足夠了，喊叫聲比眼淚更有可能引起注意，說(shuō)明哭是一種求助和引起注意的方式，故選C。

4.emotional tears may play a direct role in easing stress...Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.”可知，研究顯示，情緒性的眼淚能夠減輕壓力，情緒性的眼淚中含有兩種特殊的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，受到洋蔥的刺激而流的眼淚中不含這兩種物質(zhì)，說(shuō)明情感性的淚水能減輕壓力，故選B。

考點(diǎn)：健康類短文閱讀