17.Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl,while boys will head for the toy cars,a study has shown.The findings,the first to show differences in very young babies,suggest there is a biological(生物學的) basis(基礎) to their preferences(偏愛).
Psychologists(心理學家) Dr.Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90infants(嬰兒) aged nine months to 36months.The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys.Some were stereotypically boys'toys-a car,a digger,a ball and a blue teddy.The rest were girls'toys:a pink teddy,a doll and a cooking set.They were placed a meter away from the toys,and could pick whichever toy they liked.Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.
Of the youngest children (nine to 14months),girls spent significantly(明顯的) longer playing with the doll than boys,and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did.Among the two-and three-year-olds,girls spent 50percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly(簡單地) touched it.The boys spent almost 90percent of their time playing with cars,which the girls barely(幾乎不) touched.There was no link between the parents'view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls,and the children's choice.
Dr Brenda Todd said:"Children of this age are already exposed (暴露)to much socialization(社會化).Boys may be given‘toys that go'while girls get toys they can care for,which may help shape their preference.But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys.There could be a biological basis for their choices.Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects,probably through hunting instincts(本能),while girls prefer warmer colours such as pink,the colour of a newborn baby."
31.Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably becauseD.
A.baby boys are much more active
B.baby girls like bright colours more
C.their parents treat them differently
D.there is a natural difference between them
32.Both baby boys and baby girls like to play withB according to the study.
A.a(chǎn) ball B.a(chǎn) teddy
C.a(chǎn) car D.a(chǎn) doll
33.What can we infer from Paragraph 3?C
A.Nine-month-old baby boys don't play with dolls at all.
B.Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.
C.The older the babies are,the more obvious their preference is.
D.Parents should teach their babies to share each other's toys.
34.What conclusion did Dr.Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?B
A.Adults purposely(故意地) influence their babies preference.
B.Babies'preference isn't affected by social surroundings.
C.Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.
D.Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted.
35.We may read this article in aA section of a newspaper.
A.science B.health
C.education D.entertainment.
分析 本文是一篇科教類閱讀,文章是關于兒童對于玩具的傾向性,并介紹了兒童隨著年齡的增長,對玩具的挑選呈現(xiàn)出自己的偏好,除了受來自父母遺傳的外,外界的因素也不可忽視.
解答 DBCBA
31.D 細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences.和最后一段But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys.可知孩子的選擇有天性因素.由此可知,男孩和女孩對玩具的不同偏好可能是因為他們存在天性的差異.故選D.
32.B 根據(jù)第二自然段"Some were typically boys'toys----a car,a digger,a ball and a blue teddy.The rest were girls'toys:a pink teddy,a doll and a cooking set."可知不管是男孩還是女孩都喜歡和玩具玩.故選B.
33.C推理判斷題.根據(jù)第三段Of the youngest children (9 to 14 months),girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys,and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did.Among the two and three-year-olds,girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it.The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars,which the girls barely touched.可知男孩和女孩隨著年齡的增長,他們對玩具的偏好就越加突出.即年齡越大,傾向性越明顯.故選C.
34.B細節(jié)推理題.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,孩子很小的時候就已經(jīng)顯示出傾向性了,說明他們的喜好不受社會環(huán)境的影響,故選B.
35.A推理判斷題.根據(jù)第一段Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl(爬),while boys will head for the toy cars,a study has shown.可知這是一篇研究報告類文章,屬于報紙中的科學部分內(nèi)容.又知文章是關于兒童對于玩具的傾向性,說明孩子的喜好是不受環(huán)境的影響的,是生來具有的,可以判斷這是一份科學研究的報告.故選A.
點評 做閱讀時經(jīng)常犯錯的主要原因是,僅憑讀過文章后殘留在腦海中的一絲印象來勾選答案,這樣便很容易掉入出題人故意設布下的題目陷阱.所謂閱讀理解,對于題目的理解一定要忠實于原文,因此,每一道題都應該與原文作全面的對比與核查,再得出答案.也就是說,閱讀理解的每一道題目,在原文都應該有明確的出處,我們把這一出處叫做原文相關句,(1)排除與原文相關句主題不一致的選項(2)排除與原文相關句態(tài)度相反的選項 (3)排除用于過于極端或負面的選項(4)注意結(jié)合文章主旨和主題去排除.