Question

【題目】Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible. Write your answer on the answer sheet.

When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes, many of us often think: “I’m going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!” But however determined we are, chances are that we don’t stick to our promise. This behavior is called “bedtime procrastination(拖延癥)”.

According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014, bedtime procrastination is a common problem. In their study, 53 percent of the 2,400 participants said they didn’t follow their sleep schedule, delaying it at least twice a week.

It’s found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late, but they couldn’t stop doing other unimportant things, which were keeping them up in the first place.

“People who generally have trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed.” Floor Kroese, a psychologist at Utrecht University, further explained to HuffPost.

Yet, according to scientists, lack of self-control is not the only thing to blame. Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time. In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep, psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February. It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.

“The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough,” Jane Kuhnel, a psychologist at Ulm University, concluded in Popular Science. “Biological processes need to support this intention.”

People always think that bedtime procrastination isn’t a big problem, but as Kroese told Popular Science, “the choices we make that affect out sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health.”

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Answer 1

【答案】Two studies carried out separately in Netherlands and Germany find that lack of self-control and the influence of body clock on sleep are to blame for “bedtime procrastination”, the behavior of delaying going to bed. Psychologists reached the conclusion by following participants’ sleep schedule and studying sleep patterns. They warn that bedtime procrastination is potentially bad for health.

【解析】

這是一篇概要寫作。

寫作步驟

1）細讀原文。首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨。這篇文章主要說明了荷蘭和德國分別進行的兩項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，缺乏自控能力和生物鐘對睡眠的影響是“睡前拖延癥”的罪魁禍首。心理學(xué)家通過跟蹤參與者的睡眠時間表和研究睡眠模式得出了這一結(jié)論。他們警告說，睡前拖延癥可能對健康有害。

2）弄清結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納段意。概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些問題寫出要點。因此一定要弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納文章各段大意。

3）列出原文要點。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。

4）在寫作時要特別注意下面幾點：

（1）概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實，略去不必要的細節(jié)。

（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容，用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。

（3）注意要點之間的銜接，要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語貫通全文，切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每兩句之間都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，以免顯得生硬。

（4）不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語表達，至少對原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會更好。

（5）計算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。