12．Over the past half century，using chemical fertilizers have become very common in farming．have→has．

分析 在過去的半個世紀，在農業(yè)上使用化學肥料已經(jīng)很普遍了．

解答 答案：have→has
根據(jù)句意，主語為"using chemical fertilizers"這是一個動名詞做主語，謂語需用單數(shù)，即has．

點評 考查學生基本語法知識，動名詞做主語時，謂語需用單數(shù)．

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