Question

【題目】 Imagine your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy, allowing you to stay comfortable in a cooler room. Or, picture a car windshield that stores the sun's energy and then releases it as heat to make the ice on the windshield disappear.

According to a team of researchers at MIT, both cases may be possible before long, thanks to a new material that can store solar energy during the day and release it later as heat. This transparent polymer film could be applied to many different surfaces, such as window glass or clothing.

Solar energy is only available about half the time we need it — during daylight. For the sun to become a major power provider for human needs, there has to be an efficient way to save it up for use during nighttime and stormy days. Most such efforts have focused on storing and recovering solar energy in the form of electricity, but the new finding, by MlI professor Jeffrey Grossman, Postdoc David Zhitomirsky and graduate student Eugene Cho, could provide a highly efficient method for storing the sun's energy through a chemical reaction and releasing it later as heat.

The key to enabling long-term, stable storage of solar heat, the team said, is to store it in the form of a chemical change rather than storing the heat itself. But heat will disappear over time no matter how good the material around it is, so the team set up a chemical storage system that can keep the energy in a stable molecular configuration. When exposed to sunlight, the molecules can stay that way for long periods Then, when triggered (觸發(fā))by a very specific temperature or something else, the molecules return to their original shape , giving off heat in the process.

Such chemically-based storage materials, known as Solar Thermal Fuels(STF), have been developed before. But those earlier efforts were designed to be used in liquid solutions and not able to make durable (耐用的) solid-state films. The new approach is the first based on a solid-state material, in this case a polymer, and the first based on inexpensive materials and widespread production technology.

【1】What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1?

A.To show the main idea of the passage.

B.To practice readers' imagination.

C.To interest readers in the passage.

D.To introduce a new kind of material.

【2】According to the passage, what can the polymer film do?

A.It can be made into window glass.

B.It can make necessary electricity.

C.It can store energy and release sunshine.

D.It can absorb sunshine and give off heat.

【3】According to the passage, what is STF based on?

A.The chemical reaction.

B.The movement of heat.

C.The form of electricity.

D.The physical reaction.

【4】What is the advantage of the molecular configuration?

A.It is less expensive.

B.It is very powerful.

C.It is easily available.

D.It is less changeable.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種新型材料，它可以通過(guò)自身吸熱并儲(chǔ)存熱量，之后能夠根據(jù)需要釋放熱。

【1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，和第一段的Imagine your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy, allowing you to stay comfortable in a cooler room. Or, picture a car windshield that stores the sun's energy and then releases it as heat to make the ice on the windshield disappear. (想象一下你的衣服可以釋放足夠的熱量讓你溫暖和舒適，讓你可以在冰冷的房間里保持舒適�；蛘�，再想象一下車(chē)的擋風(fēng)玻璃可以?xún)?chǔ)存太陽(yáng)的能量，然后釋放熱量使擋風(fēng)玻璃上的冰消失)可推測(cè)，本段以衣服和騎車(chē)擋風(fēng)玻璃為例，提到了如果衣服能夠吸熱和放熱、汽車(chē)的擋風(fēng)玻璃能夠吸熱和自動(dòng)除冰那該是多么好的事，以此來(lái)吸引對(duì)著對(duì)本文的興趣。C. To interest readers in the passage.(為了讓讀者對(duì)文章感興趣)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選C項(xiàng)。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的thanks to a new material that can store solar energy during the day and release it later as heat. This transparent polymer film could be applied to many different surfaces, such as window glass or clothing. (多虧了這種能在白天吸熱之后以熱能形式釋放的新型材料，這個(gè)透明的聚合物膜可以應(yīng)用于許多不同的表面，如窗戶(hù)玻璃或服裝)可知，這種聚合物膜可以吸熱，此后再以熱能的形式釋放出來(lái)。D. It can absorb sunshine and give off heat. (它可以吸收陽(yáng)光的熱，然后散發(fā)熱量)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選D項(xiàng)。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的Such chemically-based storage materials, known as Solar Thermal Fuels(STF), have been developed before. (這種以化學(xué)反應(yīng)為基礎(chǔ)的儲(chǔ)存材料，即太陽(yáng)能熱燃料(STF)，以前就已經(jīng)被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)了)可知，STF是以化學(xué)反應(yīng)為基礎(chǔ)。A. The chemical reaction. (化學(xué)反應(yīng))符合以上說(shuō)法，故選A項(xiàng)。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的But heat will disappear over time no matter how good the material around it is, so the team set up a chemical storage system that can keep the energy in a stable molecular configuration. (但是熱量會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而消失，不管周?chē)�的物質(zhì)有多好，所以研究小組建立了一個(gè)化學(xué)儲(chǔ)存系統(tǒng)，可以將能量保持在一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的分子結(jié)構(gòu)中)可推斷，這種分子結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)勢(shì)是相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。D. It is less changeable. (它不易改變)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選D項(xiàng)。