Taxpayers(納稅人) in America pay less in income tax than many Europeans, according to a Pew Research Center report. Belgium has the highest income tax rate, at nearly 56 percent of income, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD. Taxpayers in the U.S. pay less than 36 percent of their incomes into the national treasury. Taxes pay for services provided by the government. The U.S. ranks 25 of the 34 developed countries polled in the report.

An unmarried person with no children was used as an example in the report. In America, an unmarried person, with no children, making the average wage of $50,000 in 2014 paid 24.8 percent of their income in federal (聯(lián)邦的) income tax and payroll taxes (工資稅). A similar person living in Belgium would pay 42.3 percent of their income. The average among the 39 countries in the poll was 27.3 percent income tax.

The deadline to pay taxes in America is usually April 15. This year, the deadline is April 18. American taxpayers complain that wealthy people and large companies pay too little tax, according to a Pew Research Center poll from 2015.

Americans pay tax to fund programs like Social Security and Medicaid, according to the Pew Research Center. Last year, American taxes paid for $888 billion in Social Security benefits. Social Security pays the elderly an income after they stop working. The government also paid more than $546 billion in Medicaid and Medicare benefits. Those programs pay for health and medical care to people who cannot afford it, according to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.

1.According to the article, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The income tax rate of America ranks 25 of the world.

B. No countries in the world have a higher income tax than that in Belgium.

C. Taxpayers in America pay more in income tax than many Europeans.

D. The deadline to pay taxes in America is usually between April 15 and April 18

2. The majority of people benefiting from the taxes in America are ________.

A. wealthy people and corporations

B. unmarried people

C. married couples

D. the elderly retirees

3.How is Passage 2 mainly developed?

A. By showing differences B. By analyzing causes

C. By describing process D. By explanations

4.The author mainly wants to tell us ________.

A. how Americans use their taxes

B. how much do Americans pay their taxes

C. that Americans pay less income tax than many others

D. that many people are complaining about the taxes

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Most evenings, before watching late-night comedy or reading emails on his phone, Matt Nicoletti puts on a pair of orange-colored glasses that he bought for $8 on the Internet.

"My girlfriend thinks I look ridiculous in them," he said. But Mr.Nicoletti, a 30-year-old consultant in Denver, insists that the glasses, which can block certain wavelengths of light emitted by electronic screens, make it easier to sleep.

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A Swiss study of 13 teenage boys, published in August in The Journal of Adolescent Health showed that when the boys wore orange-colored glasses, also known as 'blue blockers' and shown to prevent melatonin, in the evening for a week, they felt "significantly more sleepy" than when they wore clear glasses.The boys looked at their screens, as teenagers tend to do, for at least a few hours on average before going to bed, and were monitored in the lab.

Older adults may be less affected by blue light, experts say, but blue light remains a problem for most people, and an earlier study of 20 adults aged 18 to 68 found that those who wore orange-colored glasses for three hours before bed improved their sleep quality considerably relative to a control group that wore yellow-colored lenses, which blocked only ultraviolet(紫外線) light.

LEDs used in devices such as smart phones, tablets and televisions tend to emit more blue light than incandescent products（白熾產(chǎn)品). LEDs are also increasingly popular as room lights, but "warm white" bulbs, with less blue, tend to be a better choice than "cool white" for nighttime use. The lighting company Philips also makes a reduced-blue LED bulb, meant to be used before bedtime."In theory, anything that will decrease that blue light exposure at night will be helpful." said Christopher Colwell, a scientist at the UCLA, "I know some gainers who swear by those orange-colored glasses."

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A 2013 study he led, published in the journal Current Biology, showed just how different things can be without nighttime lights. After participants had camped in the mountains for a week, their bodies began to prepare for sleep about two hours earlier than normal.

Short of cutting out all evening electronics, experts say, it's advisable to use a small screen rather than a large one; dim the screen and keep it as far away from the eyes as possible; and reduce the amount of time spent reading the device.

"If you can look at the iPhone for 10 minutes rather than three hours, that makes a lot of difference," Dr.Skene said.

1.What does the underlined word "inhibit" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. preventB. promoteC. projectD. process

2.Which of the following statements is true?

A.The older a person is, the less he or she will be affected by blue light.

B.The exposure to the blue light does nothing but harm to the human body.

C.Traditional lighting companies are facing a dead end due to backward technology.

D.All brands of orange-colored glasses are not reliable for their ability to aid sleep.

3.What are the contributing factors of a better night's sleep?

①Limited screen time before bed.

②A pair of color glasses.

③A small-sized screen of electronics.

④A place without nighttime lights.

⑤Devices with LED backlighting.

A. ①②③B. ③④⑤C. ②③⑤D. ①③④

4.The purpose of this article is to ________.

A.advertise a brand of orange-colored glasses which can block blue light

B.question the effectiveness of orange-colored glasses on the market

C.introduce a kind of orange glasses that may help people sleep better

D.teach readers about the most effective ways to have a better sleep

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