For well over a thousand years, smallpox was a disease that everyone feared. The disease killed much of the native population in South America when the Spanish arrived there in the early sixteenth century. By the end of the eighteenth century, smallpox was responsible for about one in ten deaths around the world. Those who survived the disease were left with ugly scars on their skin.
It had long been well known among farmers that people who worked with cows seldom caught smallpox; instead, they often caught a similar but much milder disease called cowpox (牛痘) . A British doctor called Jenner was extremely interested in this, and so he studied cowpox. He believed that, by vaccinating (給接種疫苗) people with the disease, he could protect them against the much worse disease smallpox. In 1796, he vaccinated a boy with cowpox and, two months later, with smallpox. The boy did not get smallpox. In the next two years, Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way, and none of them got the disease．
News of the success of Jenner’s work soon spread. Vaccination soon became a common method to protect people against other diseases caused by virus, such as rabies (狂犬病), and vaccines were sent across the world to the United States and India.
It took nearly two centuries to achieve Jenner’s dream of getting free of smallpox from the whole world. In 1967, the world Health Organization (WHO) started a great vaccination program, and the last known case of smallpox was recorded in Somalia in 1977. The story of vaccinations does not end there, however. There are many other diseases that kill more and more people every year. Besides, many new diseases are being discovered. The challenge for medical researchers will, therefore, probably continue for several more centuries
小題1:Smallpox was so serious that _________________ by the end of l8th century
A．its death rate was up to ten percent
B．those who caught it were certain to die
C．one in ten people in the world died of smallpox
D．one in ten deaths in the world was caused by smallpox
小題2:Edward Jenner discovered that vaccination with cowpox could ____________.
A．make smallpox much milder
B．stop people from getting smallpox
C．protect people against any disease
D．prevent people’s scars after smallpox
小題3:Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A．The first experiment with cowpox was made by a British doctor.
B．After 1977 smallpox disappeared around the world according to WHO.
C．Vaccination had existed among ordinary farmers before being discovered.
D．Vaccination can be used to protect people in the world against not only smallpox.
小題4:The author of the passage thinks that _________________.
A．vaccinations bring many new problems
B．vaccinations end the spread of diseases
C．there is a long way to go to fight against diseases
D．there is a long way to go to discover new diseases

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:C
文章介紹了水痘的發(fā)明過程。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第三行smallpox was responsible for about one in ten deaths around the world.
小題2:推理題。根據(jù)第二段最后三行he vaccinated a boy with cowpox and, two months later, with smallpox. The boy did not get smallpox. In the next two years, Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way, and none of them got the disease．可知vaccination with cowpox可以預(yù)防水痘。
小題3:推理題。疫苗是在被發(fā)明出來以后才為人所知的，并不是在發(fā)明之前在普通的農(nóng)民中就存在的。
小題4:推理題。根據(jù)最后一句The challenge for medical researchers will, therefore, probably continue for several more centuries�？芍c疾病做斗爭還有很長的路要走的。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Girls can easily get sad. If your friend is feeling blue and calls you, what will you do? Here are some tips on how you can make her smile again.
Listen to her. When people feel sad, they often have the feeling of needing to be heard. So, listen carefully to what she is saying and do nothing else. Your friend will surely thank you for being the shoulder she can cry on.
Once you are done with listening, you can offer some advice or remain silent and let her feel everything and let it all out by crying. As a friend, you might think you should give her some advice. But if you have no idea about what to say, just remain silent and be there for her.
In order to be able to help your friend in need, don’t be sad for yourself. How can you help your friend when you are also feeling down?
A hug can make a difference in the word. It makes you feel warm and special. A hug makes you feel safe. So give your friend a hug when she needs it the most.
Spend more time with your friend who wants to be happy. Do things together like washing dishes, cleaning, or going out for fun. The more time you spend together, the stronger your friendship will become.
Sometimes, it is much better that you avoid a crying friend in your life. But by doing so, you are also keeping your friend at a distance and will make her wonder if you are her true friend. If you are there when she needs you, your friendship will be much stronger.
小題1:The writer wrote this passage mainly to tell us_______.
A．why girls can easily get sad.
B．what to do when we are sad.
C．how to make new friends with girls.
D．how to make a sad female friend happy again.
小題2:According to Paragraph 2, when a female friend is sad, what should we do?
A．We should ask her why she feels sad.
B．We should say something nice to her.
C．We should spend time listening to her.
D．We should give her some good advice.
小題3:We can learn from the passage that______.
E.       Hugging a sad friend can make you feel warm and special.
F.       Your sad friend may feel much better if you also sad.
G.      It’s not a good idea to be silent facing a sad friend.
H.      Giving a hug to a sad friend is very helpful.
小題4:In paragraph 6, the writer mainly suggests that we_____.
I.         spend more time with your friend.
J.        help our friends with their housework
K.      spend time with our friends everyday
L.       ask our friends to take part in activities

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Science can’t explain the power of pets，but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure(血壓) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack，reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer．
Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings．For some．a(chǎn)n animal provides more comfort than a husband／wife．A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress(緊張)1evels and blood pressure in people－h(huán)alf of them pet owners－while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic(算術(shù))or held a hand in ice water．Subjects completed the tasks alone，with a husband／wife，a close friend or with a pet．People with pets did it best．Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates．With pets in the room，people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions．It seems people feel more relaxed(放松)around pets，says Allen，who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge．
A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits．Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs；a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program．On average，people lost about 11 pounds，or 5％ of their body weight．Their dogs did even better，losing an average of 12 pounds，more than 15％of their body weight．Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but，say researchers，got more exercise overall－mostly with their dogs--and found it worth doing．
小題1:What does the text mainly discuss?
A．What pets bring to their owners．
B．How pets help people calm down．
C．People’s opinions of keeping pets．
D．Pet’s value in medical research．
小題2:We 1earn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if        ．
A．he has a pet companion
B．he has less stress of work
C．he often does mental arithmetic
D．he is taken care of by his family
小題3:According to Allen，why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?
A．They have lower blood pressure．
B．They become more patient．
C．They are less nervous．
D．They are in higher spirits．
小題4:The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that       ．
A．people with dogs did more exercise
B．dogs lost the same weight as people did
C．dogs liked exercise much more than people did
D．people without dogs found the program unhelpful

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

How to eat healthfully can be especially complex for working women who often have neither the desire nor the time to cook for themselves (or for anyone else )．Registered dietitian Barbara Morrissey suggests that a few simple rules can help.
“Go for nutrient－dense foods，”she suggests，“foods that contain a multiple of nutrients.  For example，select whole wheat bread as a breakfast food，rather than coffee cake. Or drink orange juice rather than orange drink，which contains only a small percentage of real juice—the rest is largely colored sugar water. You just can't compare the value of these foods, the nutrient－dense ones are so superior，”she emphasizes.
Morrissey believes that variety is not only the spice of life，it's the foundation of a healthful diet. Diets which are based on one or two foods are not only almost impossible to keep up the strength，they can be very harmful, she says, because nutrients aren't supplied in enough amounts or balance.
According to Morrissey，trying to find a diet that can cure your illnesses，or make you superwoman is a fruitless search.“ As women，many of us are too concerned with staying thin，”she says，and “we believe that vitamins are some kind of magic cure to replace food.”
“We need carbohydrates，protein and fat－they are like the wood in the fireplace. The vitamins and minerals are like the match，the spark，for the fuel，”she explains.“ We need them all，but in a very different proportions（部分）. And if the fuel isn't there，the spark is useless.”
小題1:From the first paragraph we know that working women________.
A．think cooking is especially complicated
B．do not share the same views with registered dietitians
C．a(chǎn)re busy and not interested in cooking
D．a(chǎn)re likely to eat healthfully
小題2:Orange juice is different from orange drink because________.
A．it contains only a small percentage of real juice
B．it is natural，nutritious and prepared from real oranges
C．it is largely orange－colored sugar water
D．it produces nothing but calories
小題3:In Paragraph 4，“a fruitless search” means “____”．
A．a(chǎn)n effort with no results
B．a(chǎn) search for a diet without fruits
C．a(chǎn) research on fruitless diet
D．a(chǎn) diet serving as medicine
小題4:Many women take it for granted，according to the passage that________.
A．a(chǎn) balanced diet can result in being fat
B．staying thin and healthy are both possible
C．lack of variety in diets leads to staying thin
D．vitamins are some kind of substitutions（代替物）for food
小題5:By saying “if the fuel isn't there，the spark is useless”，the author means “________”．
A．carbohydrates，protein and fat are enough to support a human life
B．vitamins and minerals are almost of no value
C．carbohydrates，protein and fat are as important as vitamins and minerals
D．without carbohydrates，protein and fat，vitamins and minerals are of no use

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Elderly adults who regularly drink green tea may stay more active and independent than their peers over time，according to a Japanese study that covered thousands of people．
Green tea contains antioxidant chemicals that may help ward off the cell damage that can lead to disease．Researchers have been studying green tea's effect on everything from cholesterol(膽固醇)to the risk of certain cancers，with mixed results so far．
For the new Japanese study，researchers decided to examine the question of whether green tea drinkers have a lower risk of frailty and disability as they grow older．
Tomata and his colleagues followed nearly 14，000 adults aged 65 or older for three years．
They found those who drank the most green tea were the least likely to develop “functional disability”，or problems with daily activities or basic needs，such as dressing or bathing．
Specifically，almost 13 percent of adults who drank less than a cup of green tea per day became functionally disabled，compared with just over 7 percent of people who drank at least five cups fl day．
The study did not prove that green tea alone kept people active as they grew older．
Green-tea lovers generally had healthier diets，including more fish，vegetables and fruit，as well as more education．lower smoking rates，fewer heart attacks and strokes，and greater mental sharpness．
They also tended to be more socially active and have more friends and family to rely on．
Although it's not clear how green tea might offer a buffer(緩沖劑)against disability，Tomata's team did note that one recent study found green tea extracts(提煉物)seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women．
While green tea and its extracts are considered safe in small amounts，they do contain caffeine and small amounts of vitamin K，which means it could block drugs that prevent blood thickened．
小題1:Which of the following can summarize the passage best?
A．Green tea makes you less active．
B．Green tea makes you less disabled．
C．Green tea makes you more friendly．
D．Green tea makes you more educated．
小題2:The underlined word“ward off”in Paragraph 2 probably means     .
A．formB．a(chǎn)bsorbC．remove D．prevent
小題3:Tomata and his colleagues wanted to     .
A．prove whether the Japanese study is correct
B．know if green tea drinkers are independent
C．help nearly 14，000 adults aged 65 or older
D．study green tea's effect on cholesterol
小題4:Which of the following is NOT the advantage of green tea?
A．Reduce functional disability．
B．Keep old people active．
C．Make more friends．
D．Suffer fewer heart attacks．
小題5:It can be inferred from the last paragraph     .
A．green tea is safe to drink
B．green tea should be drunk properly
C．green tea is poisonous for old people
D．vitamin K is helpful to us

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引發(fā)) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR, 近紅外線) on the drug in the capsule.
The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn’t new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外線) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that’s even better.This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反應(yīng)的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What’s more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.
小題1:According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?
A．Temperature change.B．NIR light.C．Acidity change.D．UV light.
小題2:Why is ONB unsatisfactory?
A．It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.
B．It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.
C．It has not come onto the market up till now.
D．It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.
小題3:Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?
A．protectedB．formedC．exposedD．combined

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


A fad diet is a diet that suddenly becomes popular, usually because it promises people that they will lose a lot of weight overnight. Although dieters may really show weight loss from a fad diet, they will almost certainly get back the weight if their usual eating habits (習(xí)慣) remain unchanged. Moreover, fad diets continuously call for special products of questionable value or for “health foods” that may cost twice as much as supermarket(超市) foods. Worse yet, certain fad diets don't include nutrients(營養(yǎng))good for health. People have been known to become very ill as a result of following medically unhealthy diets.
The worse fact of fad diets, though, is that they keep people who are over-weight or sick from receiving the medical care that they truly need.
小題1:The word “fad” in the first sentence means ______.
A．newB．wonderful
C．popular quicklyD．loved by people
小題2:From the text we know that ______.
A．people refuse to accept fad diets
B．fad diets can help people to lose weight
C．a(chǎn) man can lose weight after eating a fad diet
D．fad diets are now welcomed by people
小題3:In the writer's opinion, fad diets______.
A．a(chǎn)re very helpful
B．a(chǎn)re not healthy diet
C．won't cost much
D．include lots of nutrients
小題4:The last paragraph tells us ______.
A．that fad dieters are often overweight
B．fad dieters need medical care if they are overweight or sick
C．how fad dieters get sick
D．overweight or sick fad dieter can’t get medical care in time

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, having grown by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. Denmark’s agriculture minister is herself an organic farmer. The UK market for organic food grew by 55 percent in 2000, while the food market as a whole grew by only one percent. Yet only seven percent of British shoppers account for nearly 60 percent of organic sales. However popular the idea of organic farming may be, it is still an interest for only a few people.
So what makes the idea of organic farming popular? Organic farming means farming with natural materials, rather than with man-made fertilizers or pesticides. Organic farmers rely on many  methods — such as crop rotation (農(nóng)作物的輪作) and the use of resistant（有抵抗力的） varieties, because they are necessary for organic farmers to compensate for the shortage of man-made chemicals.
Organic farming is often supposed to be safer than traditional farming for the environment. Yet after a long research on organic farming worldwide for a number of years, science continues to be against this opinion. The House of Commons committee on agriculture publicized that, even with complete research work, it would fail to find any scientific evidence to prove “that any of claims （宣稱） made for organic farming is always true”.
However, the talk about the benefits of organic farming is going on. This is partly because many people depend on their individual farm, the soil, the weather, and so on.
小題1:The first paragraph mainly tells us _____.
A．organic farming has been performed only in Europe over the past 10 years
B．governments of European countries have cared less about organic farming
C．organic farming is far from being as popular as expected
D．European countries need organic food more than the other countries in the world
小題2: The underlined words “compensate for” in the second paragraph probably mean “________”.
A．a(chǎn)rgue forB．care forC．struggle forD．pay for
小題3: What can we know about organic farming?
A．It refers to farming with natural materials, instead of chemical fertilizers.
B．It refers to farming with chemical fertilizers rather than natural fertilizers.
C．It refers to farming with soil rather than any other thing.
D．It refers to growing crops with man-made fertilizers and pesticides.
小題4:According to the third paragraph, _____.
A．organic farming is safer than traditional farming for the environment
B．the idea that organic farming is safer has not been proven by science
C．organic farming is accepted by the UK’s House of Commons committee
D．organic farming is preferred to traditional farming
小題5:Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?
A．The UK’s agriculture minister is an organic farmer.
B．Organic farming is popular with young people.
C．Farmers make use of many different kinds of methods to improve the organic sales system.
D．Ninety-three percent of British shoppers don’t buy organic products.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A single night of taking the drug Ecstasy (搖頭丸) can cause serious brain damage and speed up the start of Parkinson’s disease（帕金森綜合癥）, scientists say. Just two or three Ecstasy tablets can permanently destroy brain cells that affect movement and reasoning, according to American research that links the drug to Parkinson’s for the first time.
A study by a team at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, involving squirrel monkeys and baboons (狒狒) found that both species suffered permanent damage to key cells, which are lost in Parkinson’s, after receiving three low doses（劑量）of Ecstasy at three-hour periods.
The study is particularly important because baboons are one of the best animal models for the human brain. George Ricaurte, who led the research, said that the widespread abuse of drug might have caused severe damage. “The most troubling result is that young adults using Ecstasy may be increasing their risk of developing Parkinsonism as they get older.”
Alan Leshner, a former director of the US National Institute on Drug Abuse, said, “This study emphasizes the multi-aspect damage that Ecstasy causes to users. We’ve long known that repeated use damages brain cells. But this study shows that even very occasional（偶爾） use can have long-lasting effects on many different brain systems. It sends an important message to young people: don’t experiment with your own brain.”
Janet Betts, a mother whose teenage daughter Leah died after a single Ecstasy tablet in 1995, said, “This comes as no surprise. But people can’t see the effects at first, and they say it won’t happen to them. We’ll see the symptoms later, just as we have with smoking.”
小題1:The article is intended to ______.
A．explain the bad effects of drugs on people’s health
B．warn young people of the risk of taking the drug Ecstasy
C．persuade people out of such bad habits as smoking and using drugs
D．tell us the links between the drug Ecstasy and the animal models
小題2:We know from the passage that a low dose of Ecstasy ______.
A．can permanently destroy one’s brain cells
B．can cause serious brain damage occasionally
C．will result in immediate symptoms
D．may bring on Parkinson’s at once
小題3:Why are squirrel monkeys and baboons involved in the experiments?
A．Because these animals usually take drugs.
B．Because their brain is similar to human beings.
C．Because there is a model in the animals’ brains.
D．Because they will soon get well after the experiment.
小題4:The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably refers to”        ”.
A．Leah’s death after a single tablet
B．the symptoms after smoking
C．the damage to the brain systems
D．repeated use of the drug

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