Question

Are we too quick to blame and slow to praise? It seems that while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow unwilling to give others the warm sunshine of praise.
It’s strange how mean we are about praising. Perhaps it’s because few of us know how to accept praise gracefully . Instead , we are embarrassed and ignore the words we are really so glad to hear. Because of this defensive reaction, direct praise is surprisingly difficult to give.
Do you ever go into a house and say, “ What a tidy room!” Hardly anybody does. That’s why housework is considered such a boring job. Shakespeare said, “ Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she is worthy of praise.
Mothers know naturally that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding. Still, we are unaware of children’s small achievements and we seldom apply the rule. One day I was criticizing my children for quarrelling. “Can you never play peacefully?” I shouted. Susanna looked at me confused. “ Of course I can,” she said. “But you don’t notice us when we do.”
Teachers agree about the value of praise. “ I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual standard,” writes a teacher, “ and that he is hungry for a belief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.”
Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that people have a tendency to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result. In one such experiment, a number of schoolchildren were divided into three groups and given arithmetic tests daily for five days. One group was constantly praised for its previous performance; another group was criticized; the third was ignored. Not surprisingly, those who were praised improved dramatically. Those who were criticized improved ,too, but not so much. And the scores of the children who were ignored hardly improved at all. Interestingly, the brightest children were helped just as much by criticism as by praise, but the less able children, who reacted badly to criticism, needed praise the most.
To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment’s thought and a moment’s effort—perhaps a quick phone call to pass on good comments , or write an appreciative letter. It is such a small investment—and yet consider the results it may produce. We will not only bring joy into other people’s lives, but also, very often, added happiness into our room.” I can live for two months on a good compliment.” said Mark Twain.
Title : Profits of Praise

Theme	Compared with_____小題1:_____ , praise should be valued and appreciated more.
Reasons for unwillingness to give praise	We feel embarrassed and ignore the words pleasant to our ears____小題2:___ than accept them gracefully. We have ____小題3:____ giving direct praise because of our so-called defensive reaction.
Importance of praise in some cases	A housewife ___小題4:____ to be praised for her sacrifices and devotion . A mother is supposed to be aware of their children’s small achievements and ___小題5:___ the rule of giving praise. A student waits ____小題6:____ for a good comment from his teacher when he hands in his homework above his usual standard.
Findings of experiments on profits of praise	Everybody___小題7:____ to repeat an act if praised more often. Those who receive constant praise have made dramatic improvement. Unlike brilliant children, less able children ___小題8:___ badly to criticism desperately need praise.
________小題9:_______	It pays to make a moment’s ___小題10:_____ to pass on praise, for it brings added joy and happiness to our lives as well as others’.

Answer 1

小題1:criticism
小題2:rather
小題3:difficulty/trouble /problems
小題4:deserves
小題5:apply
小題6:hungrily / eagerly / desperately
小題7:tends
小題8:reacting/responding
小題9:Conclusion/Summary
小題10:effort

試題分析：文章介紹表揚(yáng)的重要性，通過實(shí)驗(yàn)表明表揚(yáng)的好處，希望人們不要吝嗇自己的表揚(yáng)，少批評，多表揚(yáng)。
小題1:原詞重現(xiàn)：從第一段的句子：It seems that while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow unwilling to give others the warm sunshine of praise.可知填 criticism
小題2:詞義歸納題：從第二段的句子： Instead , we are embarrassed and ignore the words we are really so glad to hear.可知Instead“相反的”可以改成 rather than
小題3:詞性轉(zhuǎn)化題：從第二段的句子：Because of this defensive reaction, direct praise is surprisingly difficult to give.可知把difficult改成difficulty/trouble /problems
小題4:詞義轉(zhuǎn)化題：從第三段的句子：Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she is worthy of praise.可知be worthy of =deserve，填deserves
小題5:原詞重現(xiàn)：從第四段的句子：Still, we are unaware of children’s small achievements and we seldom apply the rule 可知填apply
小題6:詞性轉(zhuǎn)化題：根據(jù)第五段的句子：and that he is hungry for a belief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.”可知把hungry改成 hungrily / eagerly / desperately
小題7:詞性轉(zhuǎn)化題：根據(jù)第六段的句子：Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that people have a tendency to repeat an act可知把tendency改成 tends
小題8:詞性轉(zhuǎn)化題：根據(jù)第六段的句子：but the less able children, who reacted badly to criticism, needed praise the most.可知把reacted改成 reacting/responding
小題9:歸納題：右邊的內(nèi)容是對全篇文章的總結(jié)，填Conclusion/Summary
小題10:原詞重現(xiàn)，從最后一段的句子：To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment’s thought and a moment’s effort 可知填effort