5.The active advantages of passive housing
Imagine a house that keeps itself warm in the wintertime.Think of the savings in terms of fuel bills and unfriendly emissions.Such houses in fact exist.Called"passive houses",the concept of these highly energy-efficient buildings took root in around 1990,before slowly consolidating as a niche construction concept in roughly 2000.Are passive houses now actively moving into the mainstream as sustainable buildings?
For Brian McGarry,an economics lecturer who built a family house based on passive housing criteria in the Pyrenees this year,the arguments look compelling.As his first full winter in the low energy house drew in,we asked him to keep us posted.Do passive houses work?
I had never heard of a passive house in February 2012,when I purchased a plot of land in a Pyrenees village at 1,200m altitude on the Spanish-French border,embarking somewhat reluctantly on a self-build housing project.I knew what I wanted:a comfortable,pleasing and economically sensible house in an attractive location.And I knew what I didn't want:a costly project management nightmare for an inexperienced builder.
What I didn't know is that I would be persuaded to build a pre-constructed,custom-designed house based on energy-efficient passive house criteria.Some European economies are already demanding levels of energy efficiency that are close to those standards,but the simplicity and logic of the proposal proved overwhelming:it promised to be easier and quicker to build,cheaper to run,and more comfortable to live in.The objective was not to meet standards such as those of Germany's Passivhaus Institut,but to include the fundamental concepts of passive energy management in my project:an airtight and highly protected building envelope; large south-facing double or triple-glazed windows (if possible,filled with argon gas) that passively capture the energy of the sun; a heat recovery ventilation system to provide fresh air; and a simple,low-cost heating system consisting of a modern wood-burning stove,a bathroom heater and a portable radiator backup for when the sun doesn't shine and temperatures drop.No significant limitations were placed on the design,the risk of a budget overrun for a highly specified factory-built structure looked low,and it was environmentally friendly.Moreover,the cost was no more than a conventional build.
Certainly,arguments against the project could be made,such as the uncertain resale value of innovative houses in a conservative market,and the risk of being an early adopter of technologies that are relatively new to Spain and France.
A German architect recommended a young Catalan colleague,Josep Bunyesc,to do the job for me.In 2009Bunyesc designed the first house in Spain based on passive house criteria,built in conjunction with an innovative industrial specialist in wooden structures,F(xiàn)ustes Sebastia.I was deeply impressed by the houses I visited-the functionality,comfort and spaciousness of the designs,coupled with the efficiency,quality and cost of the construction method.I then hammered out a design with the architect-the longest part of the process.
The rest was disconcertingly fast:a USB pen drive transmitted the design orders to an automated woodcutting and assembling factory in Spain.A total of 22insulated wall and roof structures were completed in three weeks and,with most windows also fitted,these were transported by truck to the plot location across the French border.The house was then assembled on site by local house-building specialists,Ecobois.eu,who took another week to combine the structure,despite adverse weather conditions in February 2013.
What are the main performance results so far?
After six months in use,the house is proving to be both cheap to run and remarkably comfortable-staying cool in the hot summer was effortless,as long as the windows were shuttered or shaded from the sun.Now staying warm in the cold,high-altitude December climate also seems easy,so far.The temperature remains even throughout the building-no hot or cold rooms-and the dynamics of the building's passive heat management mean that once the sun shines with reasonable regularity,the house stays comfortable,even when empty.Arriving on a cold night after an extended absence has so far not been a concern.
Winter arrived in force in the Pyrenees in November,with abundant snowfalls and temperatures as low as minus 8° Celsius.Though early days,the house has responded well:the stove is lit during cold evenings but the portable radiator has not yet been needed.This type of construction seems not only to make economic and environmental sense,but to enhance our quality of life,too.

66.The author states in Paragraph 1that passive housingB.
A.calls for energy to keep warm in winter and cool in summer
B.had been promoted for a decade before the birth of its theory
C.catches on with both the self-builders and those constructors
D.refers to a certain house comfortable,costly and also pleasing
67.The houses,regarding the passive energy management,can NOT be characterized byD.
A.using south-facing windows to take in solar energy
B.providing energy for taking a shower when it's rainy
C.supplying fresh air with a special heat recovery system
D.placing much more demands and limits on the design
68.According to the passage,passive housing turns out promising because it isA.
A.reasonable in practice and easy to operate
B.relatively warm in winter and cool in summer
C.much cheaper to run and comfortable to live in
D.quite economical and environmentally friendly
69.How did the author find his self-built house?C
A.Very unaffordable.B.Energy-consuming.
C.Comfortable to live.D.Far from eco-friendly.
70.Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined words"hammered out"?A
A.decided on    B.worked out     C.referred to     D.thought up.

分析 本文為說明文,介紹了被動(dòng)性住房的積極優(yōu)勢(shì).

解答 66-70 BDACA
66.答案B.事實(shí)辨析題.由第一段第三句"the concept of these highly energy-efficient buildings took root in the 1990s,before slowly consolidating as a niche construction concept in the 2000s"可知,被動(dòng)性住房的概念比其理論早10年,B為正確答案.A項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容不吻合.第一段提到"a house that keeps itself warm in the wintertime"這樣的房子在夏天如何,第一段并未說明. C項(xiàng)意為passive housing非常受自建房者和建筑人員歡迎,這顯然與文章不一致.由第一段最后一句提問可知,能否成為主流值得懷疑.由"Think of the savings in terms of fuel bills and unfriendly emissions"可知D錯(cuò)誤,costly 花費(fèi)高的,而事實(shí)上這是節(jié)儉的、宜人的、環(huán)保的.
67.答案D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由第三段倒數(shù)第二句"No significant limitations were placed on the design"可知passive housing 對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)并沒有特別明顯的限制.故選D.68.答案A.推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章passive housing很有前景,主要在于操作技術(shù)成熟、簡(jiǎn)便可行.由第四段第二句"it promised to be easier and quicker to build,cheaper to run,and more comfortable to live in."可知.
69.答案C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由倒數(shù)第二段第一句"After six months in use,the house is proving to be both cheap to run and remarkably comfortable-staying cool in the hot summer was effortless,"可知,自己的自建房是舒適、便宜、環(huán)保的,故選擇C.
70.答案A.詞義猜測(cè)題.由第六段第三句可知,"I was deeply impressed by the houses I visited-the functionality,comfort and spaciousness of the designs,coupled with the efficiency,quality and cost of the construction method"我對(duì)于passive housing的設(shè)計(jì)、功能、舒適度、寬大以及建筑效率、質(zhì)量、開銷等印象深刻,然后和這位建筑師花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,共同協(xié)商敲定了一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)方案.所以,這兒 decide on最為合適.work out算出,制定出;refer to 參考,提到;think up想出.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 新聞廣告類材料是熱門考題.其文句簡(jiǎn)練,信息量大,句式使用簡(jiǎn)單,表達(dá)方式多樣,但閱讀這類題目也是有規(guī)律可循的.
  1.品位廣告、新聞的標(biāo)題,預(yù)測(cè)其內(nèi)容.
  閱讀廣告時(shí),要注意廣告中涉及的人物,物品,時(shí)間,數(shù)字,聯(lián)系人及方式地址.閱讀新聞時(shí),要抓住新聞的特點(diǎn)即何時(shí)何處何人發(fā)生何事,其經(jīng)過和結(jié)果怎樣.
  2.要抓住書寫廣告的文體或圖片,注意用大寫、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字.
  3.解題技巧
 、倏焖贋g覽廣告、新聞,從標(biāo)題中預(yù)測(cè)內(nèi)容及涉及的類別.
 、跒g覽問題,尋找答案.注意地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間的多樣化造成的誤選.
 、蹚(fù)讀材料,核實(shí)答案.

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Crosswalk-This is a sign that indicates people have the right of way to cross the street,so cars have to stop when they see a person waiting next to one of these signs.
Second row:
do not enter-This sign indicates you are not allowed to enter a road at that point.
Buckle up!-There are often signs on roads in the United States reminding people that wearing seat belts (安全帶) is mandatory (強(qiáng)制的) (seat belts laws differ depending on what state you are in,but all US states have seatbelt laws).
Third row:
be alert (警惕的) for bears-This is another sign that is used to indicate to drivers and pedestrians (行人) that they should be alert for wildlife in the area.
Playground-This is the sign used to alert drivers that there is a playground nearby,so it is a good idea to slow down and watch for children.

59.Where can you often see the signs?C
A.In a factory.  B.On a farm.  C.On the road.  D.In the class.
60.What would you do when you see yield sign?A
A.Slow down. 
B.Enter a road at that point.
C.Have to come to a full stop.
D.Should be alert for wildlife in the area.
61.What can be learned from the passage?B
A.US states have the same law about seat belts.
B.All the people in a car should buckle up in US.
C.Pedestrians should walk slowly at a crosswalk.
D.Drivers should stop the car at the sign of playground.
62.What does the underlined phrase"watch for"in the last line mean?D
A.See.  B.Look at.  C.Look for.  D.Pay attention to.

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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解

14.In the near future,in outer space,Chinese scientists will seek knowledge on China's future space station.This is not a sci-fi movie,but a vision of a"space odyssey"(長(zhǎng)期探索) for China's future space exploration.
●Space station under construction
By the year 2020,the International Space Station is expected to be retired; while,in the same year,China's space station will be completed.
Zhang Bonan,chief designer of the program,said that the station would be a national,and even international,space lab.
"Experiments there will be different and flexible,"he said,"International cooperation will be encouraged and the door of the station will be open for any experiments that fit the requirements."
●New flight system
A cargo transportation system that supplies goods and propellants (推進(jìn)劑) is key to China building its own space station.
China is going to launch a cargo ship named"Tianzhou"around 2016to serve the Tiangong-2space laboratory.The cargo ship will also carry goods back and forth to the future space station.
●From earth to moon
While the Jade Rabbit moon rover (玉兔號(hào)月球車) sleeps on the moon,other dreams are taking wing (起飛).
The 2017launch of lunar probe Chang'e-5is under preparation.It is expected to bring moonrock samples back to earth.
Exploration of the whole universe
The life of earth is limited compared with that of the whole universe,Zhang said.
"We know so little about the Milky Way galaxy (銀河系),and the whole universe is even more vast.There's too much for us to know,"he said,adding that the"unknown"is the biggest drive for humans to explore.
To probe the whole universe,China will first explore Mars by sending a probe to circle the planet and land.
32.According to the designer,China's future space station will work asC.
A.a(chǎn) national space lab
B.a(chǎn)n international space lab
C.a(chǎn) national,and even international,space lab
D.a(chǎn) scientific center of the international
33.Before the construction of the space station,what will the Tianzhou cargo ship serve?A
A.The Tiangong-2space lavoratory.
B.Mars exploration.
C.The International Space Station.
D.The Jade Rabbit moon rover.
34.What is the biggest drive for humans to explore space?A
A.The unknown of the whole universe.
B.The moon.
C.The Mars.
D.The Milky Way galaxy.
35.What is the best title of the passage?B
A.China's Space Station
B.China's Space Odyssey
C.China's Chang'e-5
D.China's Tianzhou cargo ship.

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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解

15.In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.Some hold an optimistic attitude.They value it highly,believing that it is a natural outcome of social progress and prosperity(繁榮)and that anyone who wants to be outstanding has to keep the pace.Others think otherwise.They say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that the unfriendly relationship between people because of competition.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth depended on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them,playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.In their single-minded pursuit(追求)of success,the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However,while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed,others have an opposite opinion.In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players,they strongly blame competition.Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society.They have no choice.Teaching these young people,I often observe in them a desire to fail.They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success.By not trying,they always have an excuse:"I may have lost,but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try".What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost,that would mean a lot.Such a loss would be a measure of their worth.Clearly,this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves.Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs compared with others.Both are afraid of not being valued.Only as this basic and often troublesome fear is overcome can discover a new meaning in competition.
71.What does this passage mainly talk about?B
A.Competition helps to set up self-respect.
B.Opinions about competition are different among people.
C.Competition is harmful to personal quality development.
D.Failures are necessary experience in competition.
72.Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?A
A.It pushes society forward
B.It builds up a sense of duty.
C.It improves personal abilities
D.It encourages individual efforts.
73.The underlined phrase"the most vocal"in Paragraph 3 meansC.
A.those who try their best to win
B.those who value competition most highly
C.those who are against competition most strongly
D.those who rely on others most for success
74.What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a"desire to fail"?A
A.One's worth lies in his performance compared with others.
B.One's success in competition needs great efforts.
C.One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.
D.One's success is based on how hard he has tried.
75.Which point of view may the author agree to?D
A.Every effort should be paid back.
B.Competition should be encouraged.
C.Winning should be a life-and-death matter.
D.Fear of failure should be removed in competition.

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