Question

15．The U．S．Postal Service （USPS） is losing billions of dollars a year．The government company that delive rs"small mail"is losing out to email and other types of electronic communication．First-class mail amount fell from a high point of 104 million pieces in 2000 to just 64 million pieces by 2015．
Congress permits the 600.000-employee USPS to hold a monopoly （壟斷） over first-class and standard mail．The company pays no federal，state or local taxes； pays no vehicle fees； and is free from many regulations on other businesses．Despite these advantages，the USPS has lost $52 billion since 2007，and will continue losing money without major reforms．
The problem is that Congress is preventing the USPS from reducing costs as its sales decline，and is blocking efforts to end Saturday service and close unneeded post office locations．USPS also has a costly union-dominated workforce that slows the introduction of new ideas or methods down．USPS workers earn significantly higher payment than comparable private-sector workers．The answer is to privatize the USPS and open postal markets to competition．With the rise of the Internet，the argument that mail is a natural monopoly that needs government protection is weaker than ever．
Other countries facing declining letter amounts have made reforms．Germany and the Netherlands privatized their national postal companies over a decade ago，and other European countries have followed suit．Britain floated shares of the Royal Mail on its stock exchange in 2013．Some countries，such us Sweden and New Zealand，h ave not privatized their national postal companies，but they have opened them up to competition．
These reforms have driven efficiency improvements in all of these countries．Additional number of workers have been reduced，productivity has risen and consumers have benefited．Also，note that cost-cutting measures-such as closing tone post offices-are good for both the economy and the environment．
Privatization and competition also encourage new changes．When the USPS monopoly over"extremely urgent"mail was stopped in 1979，we saw an explosion in efficient overnight private delivery by firms such as FedEx．
The government needs to wake up to changing technology，study postal reforms abroad and let businessmen reinvent our out-of-date postal system．
62．What do we know about the USPS？D
A．Its great competitor is the delivery firm FedEx．
B．It is an old public service open to competitions．
C．Its employees don't pay federal，state or local taxes．
D．It has complete control of first-class and standard mail．
63．The author mentions some other countries in Paragraph 4 toC．
A．explain the procedures of reform to the USPS
B．show the advantages of private postal services
C．set some examples for the government to learn from
D．prove the situation is very common around the world
64．The author probably agree that the USPSD．
A．needs government's protection as ever
B．can work together with other businesses
C．must be replaced by international companies
D．should be sold out and become a private service
65．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage？B

（ I：Introduction   CP：Central point    P：Point   Sp：Sub-point （次要點(diǎn)）    C：Conclusion）

Answer 1

分析 本文為議論文，主要論述了如何解決美國(guó)郵政管理局在經(jīng)營(yíng)上遇到的問(wèn)題．美國(guó)的郵政服務(wù)每年損失數(shù)十億美元，提供"小郵件"的國(guó)營(yíng)公司正在輸給電子郵件和其他類(lèi)型的電子通信．作者通過(guò)介紹其他國(guó)家的情況，希望政府看到并仿效．

解答 62-65．DCDB
62．D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段第一句Congress permits the 600.000-empIoyee USPS to hold a monopoly （壟斷） over first-class and standard mail．國(guó)會(huì)允許有60萬(wàn)員工的美國(guó)郵政管理局對(duì)一流的和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的郵件占據(jù)壟斷地位．故選D．
63．C 寫(xiě)作意圖題．第四段寫(xiě)到其他遇到相同問(wèn)題的國(guó)家都是如何解決的，以此可以推斷出是希望"政府看到這些例子并效仿．故選C．
64．D 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題．文章第四段中，作者認(rèn)為解決美國(guó)郵政服務(wù)的問(wèn)題，政府應(yīng)該向這些國(guó)家學(xué)習(xí)，那么可推理出這些國(guó)家的做法是作者認(rèn)可的，這些國(guó)家的做法可總結(jié)為兩種：私有化和脫離政府的庇護(hù)進(jìn)入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)．因此答案是D．
65．B 文章結(jié)構(gòu)題．全文一共七段，第一段和第二段是背景信息，屬于Introduction（介紹），第三段屬于Central point（中心論點(diǎn)），第四、五段是第一個(gè)論點(diǎn)（P1），第六段是第二個(gè)論點(diǎn)（P2），第七段進(jìn)行總結(jié)屬于Conclusion．故本題答案為B選項(xiàng)．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)閱讀，題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì) 性找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案．推理判斷也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確的答案．