Scientists have long understood the key role that oceans play in regulating the Earth’s climate．Oceans cover 70 percent of the globe and store a thousand times more heat than the atmosphere does．What’s newer is the understanding of how this key component of our climate system responds to global warming．

       A brake on global warming—for now

       One of the ocean’s most important climate functions is absorbing heat and carbon dioxide （CO2）, one of the gases that cause global warming．Acting as a heat sponge （海綿）, the oceans have absorbed huge amounts of heat and CO2 in the last forty years．

  The most recent scientific report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） also notes with concern that the ocean is acidifying because of increased absorption of atmospheric CO2, and thus causing a threat for shell-forming species．Sharp increases in carbon dioxide levels will cause further acidification of the ocean．

       Currents distributing heat

       Another important role the oceans play is that of distributor．Oceans deliver heat and life-sustaining nutrients around the globe．Just as blood vessels bring oxygen and nutrients to cells in the human body, the ocean’s currents carry oxygen, nutrients and heat throughout the Earth．The ocean distributes 25 to 50 percent of the energy the planet receives from the sun．For example, the Gulf Stream carries heat across the Atlantic．This warm current gives northwestern Europe a milder climate than it would normally have so far north．A change to the ocean’s circulation （循環(huán)） patterns could throw Europe into a colder period, even as the rest of world experiences warmer temperatures．

41．We can infer from the passage that _____．

       A．the oceans cause global warming            B．the oceans stop global warming

       C．the oceans release nutrients and heat        D．the ocean ecosystems face more dangers

42．From the passage we can learn that the ocean’s currents _____．

       A．produce oxygen and nutrients everywhere

       B．a(chǎn)bsorb 25~50% of the energy from the sun

       C．distribute heat and nutrients around

       D．change the ocean’s circulation patterns

43．Which of the following is NOT the result of the ocean absorbing heat and carbon dioxide?

       A．It causes further acidification．     B．It affects shell-forming species．

       C．It makes the atmosphere hotter．   D．It regulates the Earth’s climate．

44．This passage mainly talks about ______．

       A．the roles of oceans        B．global warming

       C．ocean currents                   D．carbon dioxide

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.

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His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor(半導(dǎo)體). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.

“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶體結(jié)構(gòu)) of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”

Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.

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A. He teaches chemistry at MU.

B. He developed a chemical battery.

C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.

D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.

Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.

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B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.

C. to describe a nuclear-powered system.

D. to introduce various energy sources.

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B. test the power of nuclear batteries.

C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries

D. reduce the damage to lattice structure.

According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _______.

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C. could be extremely thin

D. has passed the final test.

The text is most probably a ________.

A. science news report  B. book review

C. newspaper ad    D. science fiction story

PART FOUR   WRITING (45%)

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    People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.

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The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.

It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise, the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.

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A. Fish dieting and human dieting.

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C. Human dieting.

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What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others??The answer is“no”.It isn't the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which makes him a scientist .You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter（木匠）.You will probably agree,too, that knowing how to investigate（調(diào)查）,how to discover information ,is important to everyone. The scientist ,however ,goes one step further ;he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.?

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A.The tools he uses.

B.His ways of learning.?

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B.The Theory of Relativity.?

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D.Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to making of a scientist.?

 

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