5.one of the popular views regarding teenagers is that they are poor decision makers and engage in risky behavior.This popular view is usually explained in terms of the teenage brain (or mind) being immature and lacking the reasoning abilities of adults.Of course,adults often engage in poor decision-making and risky behavior too.
Currently,one plausible hypothesis (似乎正確的假說) is that teenagers differ from adults in terms of how they evaluate the value of a reward.The main difference is that teenagers place higher value on rewards (at least certain rewards) than adults.If this is correct,it certainly makes sense that teenagers are more willing than adults to engage in risk taking.
Obviously enough,adults also vary in their willingness to take risks and some of this difference is,presumably,a matter of the value the adults place on the rewards relative to the risks.So,for example,if Sam values the enjoyment of rock climbing more than Sally,then Sam will (somewhat) rationally accept more risks in regards to rock climbing than Sally.Assuming that teenagers generally value rewards more than adults do,then the greater risk taking behavior of teens relative to adults makes considerable sense.
It might be wondered why teenagers place more value on rewards than adults.One popular theory is based on the workings of the brain.From this point of view,the sensitivity of the human brain to dopamine and oxytocin peaks during the teenage years.Dopamine is a neurotransmitter (神經(jīng)介質(zhì)) that is supposed to trigger (激活) the"reward"mechanisms (過程) of the brain.Oxytocin is another neurotransmitter,one that is also linked with the"reward"mechanisms as well as social activity.Assuming that the teenage brain is more sensitive to these chemicals,then it makes sense that teenagers would place more value on rewards.This is because they do,in fact,get a greater reward than adults.Or,more accurately,they feel more rewarded.This,of course,might be one and the same thing-perhaps the value of a reward is a matter of how rewarded a person feels.This does raise an interesting subject,namely whether the value of a reward is a subjective or objective matter.
Adults are often critical of what they regard as teens'unwise risk behavior.While my teen years are well behind me,I have looked back on some of my decisions that seemed like good ideas at the time.Yet my adult assessment is that they were not good decisions.However,I have to admit that my adult self now judges my kid self rather unfairly.After all,there does seem to be considerable relativity to value and it seems to be mere prejudice (偏見) to say that my current evaluation should be automatically taken as being better than the evaluations of the past.
62.According to the passage,many people think teenagers'adventurous behavior results from theirC.
A.growing interest and curiosity
B.wish to call people's attention
C.immaturity and unreasonable thinking
D.strong desire to be accepted by other people
63.As to the difference between teenagers and adults,teenagersD.
A.use a different system to make evaluations
B.place a higher value on risk taking behavior
C.a(chǎn)re more likely to spend time on rock climbing
D.produce more chemicals related to reward mechanisms
64.What can we infer from the last paragraph?B
A.Adults should often evaluate the decisions they made before.
B.It's unfair for people to regard teenagers as poor decision makers.
C.When teenagers make decisions,they should follow their parents'advice.
D.Adults'current decisions are better than those they made in their teenage years.
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了青少年有更多的危險性行為比成人,猜測這是由于他們不成熟與不合理的思維.
解答 62.C.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第三段One popular theory is based on the workings of the brain.From this point of view,the sensitivity of the human brain to dopamine and oxytocin peaks during the teenage years.Dopamine is a neurotransmitter (神經(jīng)介質(zhì)) that is supposed to trigger (激活) the"reward"mechanisms (過程) of the brain可知很多人認(rèn)為青少年的危險性行為是由于他們不成熟與不合理的思維;故選C.
63.D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第三段Oxytocin is another neurotransmitter,one that is also linked with the"reward"mechanisms as well as social activity可知青少年與成年人的差異中.青少年可以引起更多的化學(xué)物質(zhì)獎勵機(jī)制有關(guān);故選D.
64.B.推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一段However,I have to admit that my adult self now judges my kid self rather unfairly可知這是不公平的人不允許青少年作為決策者;故選B.
點評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實,要根據(jù)文章事實進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.