16．Over two hundred years ago，Adam Smith introduced some ideas which brought about a world revolution．If we enjoy a high standard of living in modem society，we owe much to this Scottish economist and philosopher．If we enjoy driving in beautiful cars，wearing fashionable shoes，or flying away to distant places for exciting holidays，we should perhaps pay thanks to the man who made it all possible．
What was Adam Smith's contribution？Like so many ideas which have surprising effects，his was a simple one．He watched workers practicing their craft（工藝） of pi11making．One man would heat the strip of metal，stretch it out，cut off a suitable length，shape it，cool it and finally smooth and shine it．Smith drew attention to the advantages which could be gained if these various tasks were performed by different workers．Let one be responsible for preparing the metal．Another for stretching and cutting．Another for shaping．Another for finishing．He described the technique as the Division of Labor； in this way workers repeat the same actions again and again．Smith made the world believe that specialization could solve the problem of poverty and want．
What was the result？The Industrial Revolution．Productivity was greatly increased．For Britain，where the revolution started，there was a prosperity which made it the richest country in the nineteenth century．British trains and railway lines spread out like a spider's web across the world． British ships were used to carry the new goods from one corner of the world to another．
The revolution is not over．It is still with us，but now it is a worldwide phenomenon （現(xiàn)象）． Everywhere，factories are producing large numbers of similar products，and are in continuous production．What were called mass-production lines yesterday are called robotic productions today．The pace of change is increasing．And if these techniques have brought us prosperity，they have also brought us a little misery in overcrowded towns，boring jobs and，most of all，unemployment．
57．What would be the best tide for the text？D
A．The Causes of Industrial Revolution
B．Adam Smith，the Economist and Philosopher
C．The Industrial Revolution and Its Significance
D．The Theory of Division of Labor and Its Significance
58．We should be grateful to Adam Smith becauseA．
A．his ideas made it possible for people to improve their lives
B．he invented a more efficient way of pin making
C．he brought to people a high standard of living
D．he started the industrial revolution
59．Which of the following is true according to the text？D
A．The Division of Labor makes work more interesting．
B．Adam Smith insisted that each worker be better paid．
C．Specialization could solve the problem of unemployment．
D．Adam Smith put forward the idea of the Division of Labor．
60．We can learn from the text that the Industrial RevolutionC．
A．led to Adam Smith's idea of specialization
B．was finished in the nineteenth century
C．a(chǎn)lso has its side-effects in society
D．put an end to poverty in the world．
分析 在二百年前，亞當(dāng)斯密了一些想法，帶來了世界革命．在現(xiàn)代社會中，如果我們享受著較高的生活水準(zhǔn)，我們非常感謝這個蘇格蘭經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家．如果我們在享受駕駛的汽車的便捷，穿著時髦的鞋子，或飛行到遙遠(yuǎn)的地方去過令人興奮的假期，我們也許應(yīng)該感謝他讓這一切成為可能．
解答 57．答案 D 根據(jù)第二段Hedescribed the technique as the Division of Labor； in this way workers repeat the same actions again and again．可知文章的前兩段講的是 the Division of Labor；而根據(jù)第三段第一句What was the result？可知，后兩段講述的是它的影響，故答案為D
58．答案 A 根據(jù)第一段If weenjoy a high standard of living in modem society，we owe much to this Scottish economist and philosopher．If we enjoy driving in beautifulcars，wearingfashionable shoes，or flyingaway to distant places for exciting holidays，we should perhaps pay thanks to the man who made it all possible．可以得知，我們現(xiàn)在的生活水平高了，人們生活方便幸福多了，但這一切不能忘了Adam Smith，故答案為A
59．答案D 由they havealso brought us a little misery in overcrowded towns，boring jobs可以得知，工作不是有趣，而是無聊，A排除；全文沒有提到Adam Smith關(guān)于工人工資的事情，B排除；根據(jù)文章最后一句And if these techniqueshave brought us prosperity，they have also brought us a little misery in overcrowded towns，boring jobs and，most of all，unemployment．可知，專業(yè)化帶來是更多的失業(yè)，D排除；
60．答案C 從文章的最后一段And if these techniques havebrought us prosperity，they have also brought us a little misery in overcrowded towns，boring jobs and，most of all，unemployment．說到 the Industrial Revolution會帶來擁擠的城鎮(zhèn)、工作的無聊、失業(yè)等等負(fù)面問題，注意side-effect副作用．故答案為C
點評 人物傳記是記敘文體的一種，主要描寫某人的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、個性特征、成長和奮斗歷程等，這類文章常采用倒敘的寫作方法，即首先用幾句話來簡單介紹這個人，接著介紹這個人的出生、成長過程，然后再記述他（她）一兩件主要的事情或業(yè)績，來反映他（她）的思想、品德和情操，最后作者會對他（她）進(jìn)行評論，從而表達(dá)作者對他（她）的情感．該類命題既注重考查對特定細(xì)節(jié)理解的準(zhǔn)確性，又注重考查推理判斷能力．
