Question

【題目】 Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution，according to a new study published recently. In the first study of its kind，a team of international researchers looked at the damage caused by one of the pollutants that has the most severe impact on health: PM2.5.

Particulate matter，or PM，is a type of air pollutant consisting of small particles of different sizes. PM2.5 has a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers，about 30 times smaller than a human hair. These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system (呼吸系統(tǒng)), resulting in lung and systemic inflammation (炎癥) and stress.

The team found that something as simple as a daily vitamin B supplement could potentially reduce the impact of the tiny particles on the human body，although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small.

For this study，10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo (安慰劑) to check their responses. The group then took another placebo for four weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto，where an estimated 1，000 cars pass every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an “oxygen－type” face mask. The experiment was then repeated，with each volunteer taking a vitamin B supplement daily made up of 2.5 mg of folic acid，50 mg of vitamin B6，and 1 mg of vitamin B12. B6 can be found in liver，chicken and nuts，and B12 in fish，meat，eggs，milk and some cereals.

The researchers found that four weeks of vitamin B supplements reduced the damage of PM2.5 exposure by 28%－76%. The results highlight how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight the harmful effects of PM2.5.

【1】Why is PM2.5 harmful to our health?

A.It pollutes and poisons the air.B.It is too much to be got rid of.

C.It carries viruses and diseases.D.It is easily breathed in and damages our body.

【2】What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A.The process of the research was not scientific.

B.This kind of research has been done many times.

C.Further studies are needed to confirm their findings.

D.Vitamin B is hard to obtain in people’s daily life.

【3】What is the text mainly about?

A.International researchers have a new finding.

B.Vitamin B could reduce the damage of PM2.5.

C.Particulate matter does great harm to our health.

D.Emission control and regulation are badly needed.

【4】The new study was probably published ________.

A.in a science journalB.on a government website

C.in a fashion magazineD.in a medical textbook

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】B

【4】A

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文。文章提到吸入人體內(nèi)的PM2.5會導(dǎo)致疾病。不過，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)維生素B在一定程度上能降低PM2.5的危害。

【1】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system，resulting in lung and systemic inflammation and stress（這些顆粒非常小，它們可以進入我們的呼吸系統(tǒng)，導(dǎo)致肺部和全身的炎癥和壓力）可知，PM2.5 (細(xì)顆粒物)很小，能進入我們的呼吸系統(tǒng)，導(dǎo)致肺部和全身炎癥。故選D項。

【2】

推理判斷題 。根據(jù)第三段中的although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small（盡管他們強調(diào)研究還處于早期階段，樣本量也較�。┛芍�，該項研究處于初級階段且樣本規(guī)模小，因此還需要更多的研究來證明研究團隊的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C項。

【3】

主旨大意題。首先作者在文章第一段第一行提到Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution（維生素B可以幫助減輕最危險的空氣污染的影響），接著文章的文章第一段剩余部分和第二段談到PM2.5的定義以及PM2.5的危害。從文章的第三段到第五段作者通過研究的過程和數(shù)據(jù)告訴我們維生素B能降低PM2.5的危害。綜合分析，這篇文章主要再講維生素B能降低PM2.5的危害。故選B項。

【4】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution，according to a new study published recently（根據(jù)最近發(fā)表的一項新研究，維生素B可以幫助減輕最危險的空氣污染的影響）可知，后面段落的內(nèi)容都是用來描述這個已公布新研究的一些細(xì)節(jié)。因此可以判斷該文很可能出自科學(xué)期刊。故選A項。