Number　 sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 　 1　 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 ，experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not　 3 . However, if you remove two, the bird 4 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 　5　 between two and three.

Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 6 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(烏鴉)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. The man had an 8 .He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 9 the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was　 10 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 .It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow.

How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 　13 group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 14　 fooled.

It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human 15 is not much better than a crow's.

1. A. rise　　　　　　　 B. pattern　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. change　　　　　　　　　　 D. trend

2. A. Importantly　 B. Surprisingly　 C. Disappointedly D. Fortunately

3. A. survive　　　　　　　　 B. care　　　　　　　　 C. hatch　　　　 D. notice

4. A. generally 　　　　　　 B. sincerely　　 C. casually　　　　　 D. deliberately

5．A. distance 　　　　　 B. range　　　　 C. different　 　　　 D. interval

6．A. amazing 　　　　　 B. annoying　　　　　 C. satisfying　 D. disturbing

7. A. relax　　　　　　　　　 B. recover　　　　　　 C. react　　　　 D. return

8. A. appointment　　　　 B. excuse　　　　　　 C. idea　　　　　 D. explanation

9. A. fool　　　　　　　　　　 B. hurt　　　　　 C. catch　　　　 D. kill

10.A. repo　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. repeated　　 C. designed　　 D. approved

11.A. confused　　　　　　 B. gone　　　　 C. tired　　　　　 D. drunk

12.A. gradually　　　　　　 B. luckily　　　 C. strangely　 D. finally

13.　 A. single　　　　　　　 B. small　　　　 C. local　　　　 D. new

14. A. seldom　　　　　　　 B. temporarily C. merely　　　 D. often

15. A. sight　　　　　　　　　 B. nature　　　 C. ability　　　　 D. belief

 {語篇解讀}：

本文是一篇說事理性的說明文，篇章模式為總-分-分-總的結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段提出話題，說明什么是數(shù)字感，并通過拿鳥類作為例子說明，不僅人類與生俱來都有這種數(shù)字感，而且動(dòng)物也有；第二段運(yùn)用一個(gè)人想對(duì)一只烏鴉進(jìn)行拍照的另一個(gè)有趣的例子來進(jìn)一步鳥類的神奇的數(shù)字的分辨力；第三段，以一個(gè)嬰兒為例說明人類的數(shù)字感并不是很好；最后一段為結(jié)論段，重申主題：人類和許多動(dòng)物一樣都有數(shù)字感，而且人類的這種能力不比烏鴉好多少。

{篇章結(jié)構(gòu)}：

段落

關(guān)鍵詞

大意推測(cè)

第一部分（para.1）

Number sense… is the ability to recognize a  1 C (change)   in number. Human beings are born with this ability; …many animals are, too. the bird knows the 5 C   between two and three.

數(shù)字感是辨別數(shù)字改變的能力。動(dòng)物和人類一樣，與生俱來都具有這樣的能力：鳥類可以識(shí)別兩和三的區(qū)別。

第二部分（para.2）

experiment showed a bird’s  6 A  number sense. it was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were  12 D   able to fool the crow.

一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，鳥類具有數(shù)字感：鳥類對(duì)于小的數(shù)字有數(shù)字感，對(duì)于大數(shù)字則不太好：五個(gè)人時(shí)，只有四個(gè)人離開時(shí)，烏鴉終于被搞糊涂了。

第三部分（para.3）

How good is a human’s number sense? ...not very good. But when the number goes beyond three or four…are  14 D. often  fooled.

人類的數(shù)字感：同樣不是特別好。數(shù)字超過三或四時(shí)，常會(huì)出錯(cuò)。

第四部分（para.4）

number sense is something we have in common with many animals...human  15 C. ability  is not much better than a crow’s

結(jié)論：數(shù)字感是人類和很多動(dòng)物共同具有的能力，人類的這種能力不比烏鴉更強(qiáng)。

【答案解析】

1. C。根據(jù)下文的“remove one/two”語義提示可知，這里是把數(shù)字發(fā)生變化；四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別為：A“上升”，B“圖案”，C“改變”，D“趨勢(shì)”，由此可知本句含義為“數(shù)字感是分辨數(shù)字變化的能力”，故C為正確答案。

2. B。根據(jù)上下文的語境可知，分別說到“人類與生俱來具有這種能力（分辨數(shù)字變化的能力）”和“很多鳥類也有很好的數(shù)字感�！�，運(yùn)用邏輯推斷可知，這里表示這是“令人驚訝的是”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別為：A“重要的是”，B“令人驚訝的是”，C“令人失望的是”，D“幸運(yùn)的是”；所以答案為B。

3. D。根據(jù)上文第一句的“recognize”和下文的“knows the   5   ”語義提示可知，這是這二個(gè)詞的同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，本句句義為：如果一個(gè)鳥窩里有四顆鳥蛋，你拿走一個(gè)，鳥兒就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)。A“生存下來”，B“關(guān)心”，C“孵（蛋）”均不符合語境。

4. A。根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷，這里要表達(dá)的意思是：如果取走兩顆鳥蛋時(shí)，鳥類在通常情況下會(huì)離開（飛走）。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別為：A“通常，一般情況下”，B“真誠(chéng)地”，C“隨意地”，D“故意地，有意地”。

5. C。根據(jù)上文說到的“拿走一個(gè)和二個(gè)鳥蛋時(shí)，鳥的反應(yīng)和表現(xiàn)”的語義提示可知，這些都是屬于difference的范疇。而且這里的difference與第二句中的change形成同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)的關(guān)系；四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別為：A“距離”，B“范圍”，C“不同，區(qū)別”，D“間隙（時(shí)段）”。本句句義為：這說明鳥類知道二和三的區(qū)別。

6. A。根據(jù)上下文的語義提示可知，這里要表達(dá)的意思是：另一個(gè)有意思的實(shí)驗(yàn)也顯示了鳥類的這種令人驚奇的數(shù)字感。故答案為A。amazing與第四句空格2“Surprisingly（令人吃驚或驚奇的是）”構(gòu)成同義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系。

7. D。根據(jù)下文第十一空前“not return to the nest”的語義提示可知答案，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：A“放松”，B“恢復(fù)”，C“反應(yīng)”，D“返回，歸還”。本句句義為：這只鳥直到那個(gè)人離開那座塔之后才離開。事實(shí)上這里的return與上句中的left形成反義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系。

8. C。根據(jù)上下文的語境可知，這個(gè)人第一種方法行不通，所以這里再用另一方法，由此運(yùn)用邏輯推斷可知，這里要表達(dá)的意思是：這個(gè)人有（或想出）了一個(gè)主意，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：A“失望”，B“借口”，C“主意，想法”，D“解釋”。根據(jù)語境，下文講了他的具體做法。A、B和D都不符合，C為正確答案：先有了想法或主意，然后是具體的行為。

9. C。根據(jù)上下文的語境可知，他們只是在做實(shí)驗(yàn)，根據(jù)常識(shí)并運(yùn)用邏輯推斷可知他們不是要抓（catch）烏鴉。其他三項(xiàng)A“愚弄”，B“傷害”，D“殺死”均不太符合語境。

10. B。根據(jù)上下文的語義提示可知，本句講了實(shí)驗(yàn)的進(jìn)展：他們又先后用三個(gè)人和四個(gè)人重復(fù)做了實(shí)驗(yàn)。并在下句交代了實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果：但是烏鴉都是等到所有人（離開）后才回巢。

四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：A“報(bào)道”，B“重復(fù)”，C“設(shè)計(jì)”，D“通過”。根據(jù)語境，

11．B。根據(jù)語義提示可知，gone與上文（本段）的left，return，left，left多次構(gòu)成同義詞或反義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系。所以答案選B項(xiàng)。句意為表示兩次實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果：但是烏鴉都是等到所有人（離開）后才回巢。故答案為B“離開”。其他選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：A“感到困惑”，C“感到很累”，D“喝醉了酒”。

12．D。根據(jù)上下文語境并運(yùn)用邏輯推斷可知，本句以強(qiáng)調(diào)句的形式交代了，最后的一次實(shí)驗(yàn)及實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果：直到五個(gè)人進(jìn)入到塔中，只有四個(gè)人離開時(shí)，他們才最終把烏鴉給搞糊涂了/愚弄了烏鴉。其他錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：A“逐漸地”，B“幸運(yùn)地”，“奇怪地”。

13．B。根據(jù)本段語境并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，前兩句在說：人類的數(shù)字感覺也不是非常好。再根據(jù)大語境，全文一直在講，對(duì)于鳥類在小數(shù)字變換時(shí)的數(shù)字分辨能力的實(shí)驗(yàn)。顯然可以推出本句句義為：例如，當(dāng)從一個(gè)很小的一組東西中拿走一些時(shí)，十四個(gè)月大的嬰兒幾乎總是能夠注意到（這個(gè)變化）。故答案為B。其他錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：A“單一的”，B“當(dāng)?shù)氐摹保珼“新的”。 這里的small與以上的數(shù)字均形成具體與概括的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系。

14. D。根據(jù)語義提示可知，這里的often與第三句中的almost形成近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：A“很少”，B“臨時(shí)”，C“只有”，D“常常”。根據(jù)語境與行文邏輯，本句句義為：但是當(dāng)數(shù)字超過三或者四時(shí)，嬰兒們通常會(huì)被搞糊涂。

15. C。根據(jù)上文的語義提示可知，這里的ability與首段的ability形成相同詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系。文章末段與首段開甩語義照應(yīng)上的前后照應(yīng)的關(guān)系。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：A“視力，看見”，B“本質(zhì)，天性，內(nèi)在”，C“能力”，D“信仰，相信”。本段為結(jié)論段，根據(jù)語境，本句句義為：（好像數(shù)字感是我們與世界上的許多動(dòng)物都具備的能力，而且）我們?nèi)祟惖倪@種能力不比烏鴉更強(qiáng)。

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What does　“barriers to entry are still low compared with those for most offline businesses”　in paragraph 3 mean?

[　　]

A．

It is easier to set up an internet business than a conventional one．

B．

Internet trade is growing faster than traditional business sector．

C．

It is cheaper to set up an internet business than a traditional one．

D．

Companies generally prefer to do business online rather than offline．

(5)

Why does the article conclude that the internet “is a dangerous place to do business”?

[　　]

A．

Because companies that sell online may be unreliable．

B．

Because there are no controls on doing business on the internet．

C．

Because doing business online is unpredictable．

D．

Because even companies like eBay have problems doing business online．

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科目：高中英語 來源：廣東省深圳高級(jí)中學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末英語試題 題型：050

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　　Ten years ago, Pierre Omidyar, a software engineer working in California’s Silicon Valley, began thinking about how to use the internet for a trading system in which buyers and sellers could establish a genuine market price．Over a long holiday weekend he wrote the computer code．At first, a trickle(細(xì)流)of users arrived at his website－including his girlfriend, who traded PEZ candy dispensers．By the end of 1995, several thousand auctions had been completed and interest in eBay was growing．And it grew and grew．From this modest beginning, eBay has become a global giant, with around 150m registered users worldwide who are set to buy and sell goods worth more than ＄40 billion this year．

　　The remarkable tale of eBay’s growth points to some important lessons for any business trying to operate online－and today that includes, one way or another, most firms．The commercial opportunities presented by an expanding global web seem almost limitless．But the pace of change is rapid, and so is the ferocity(殘暴)of competition．To succeed, firms need agility, an open mind and the ability to reinvent themselves repeatedly．Most of all, they need to listen carefully to their customers, paying close attention to what they do and don’t want．

　　Such qualities, of course, would be valuable in any kind of business．Yet for online firms they are not a luxury, but necessary for mere survival．This is true for a variety of reasons．The internet is not only growing, but changing rapidly－which, in turn, changes the rules of the game for any business relying on it．The barriers to entry are still low compared with those for most offline businesses, which means that just keeping track of your existing rivals is not enough．These may not represent the greatest competitive threat tomorrow or the next day．That could come from a number of directions－a firm in a different type of online business; one that does not yet exist; or even from one of your own customers．On top of all this, the behavior of many consumers is constantly changing as well, as individuals discover new ways to shop and interact with each other via the web．

　　All these factors make the internet a dangerous place to do business, as well as one full of promise．eBay’s history demonstrates both of those things．It is probably safe to say that nothing like eBay could have existed without the internet－or could have grown so fast．Even though there have been signs of the firm’s rapid pace slowing a bit in America, its most “mature” market, there remain vast opportunities overseas, particularly, some argue, in China．Meg Whitman, eBay’s chief executive, believes the company is still only at the beginning of what it could achieve．

(1)

What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

[　　]

A．

To introduce the founder of eBay and his girlfriend．

B．

To demonstrate how clever the founder of eBay is．

C．

To show how eBay started and has grown．

D．

To introduce eBay to people．

(2)

Which of the following best summarizes Pierre Omidyar’s intention with regard to eBay?

[　　]

A．

To set up a global internet business．

B．

To allow people to freely buy and sell on the internet at acceptable prices．

C．

To set up a mechanism on the internet to allow people to trade at true market prices．

D．

To se up a business mechanism for his girlfriend．

(3)

Which of these is NOT necessary for a company selling on the internet to do?

[　　]

A．

Have the most competitive price for each of their online products．

B．

Be able to change to suit the prevailing market conditions．

C．

Be prepared to consider all options and alternatives．

D．

Have a good idea of what their customers do not want．

(4)

What does “barriers to entry are still low compared with those for most offline businesses” in paragraph 3 mean?

[　　]

A．

It is easier to set up an internet business than a conventional one．

B．

Internet trade is growing faster than traditional business sector．

C．

It is cheaper to set up an internet business than a traditional one．

D．

Companies generally prefer to do business online rather than offline．

(5)

Why does the article conclude that the internet “is a dangerous place to do business”?

[　　]

A．

Because companies that sell online may be unreliable．

B．

Because there are no controls on doing business on the internet．

C．

Because doing business online is unpredictable．

D．

Because even companies like eBay have problems doing business online．

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