Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. what       B which        C. that     D where
C

試題分析:考查同位語(yǔ)從句。本題中的同位語(yǔ)從句that smoking can lead to many diseases解釋名詞evidence的內(nèi)容,that在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,沒(méi)有任何實(shí)際意義,也不能省略。句意:現(xiàn)代科技已經(jīng)給出了很多的吸煙可以導(dǎo)致疾病的證據(jù)。ABD三項(xiàng)都要在句中充當(dāng)句中成分。故C正確。
點(diǎn)評(píng):正確判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)是解題的關(guān)鍵。同位語(yǔ)從句屬于名詞性從句,大多由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo),常常跟在fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, hope, belief等名詞后面。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用來(lái)解釋或說(shuō)明這些名詞的具體含義或內(nèi)容,在邏輯上表現(xiàn)為同位關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)從句與that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:(1)從先行詞看,同位語(yǔ)從句與名詞之間在邏輯上是“主語(yǔ)+be+表語(yǔ)”的同位關(guān)系。該名詞是需要作特殊說(shuō)明的抽象名詞。例如:They were delighted at the news that their team had won. The news was that their team had won. (2)從引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)看,引導(dǎo)詞that在同位語(yǔ)從句中是連詞,只起連接作用,無(wú)具體詞義,that不可省略;that在定語(yǔ)從句中是關(guān)系代詞,它在從句中充當(dāng)一定成分——主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),有具體詞義,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)還可以省略。(3)同位語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)易判斷方法,同位語(yǔ)從句與其先行詞在邏輯上是“主語(yǔ)+be+表語(yǔ)”的同位關(guān)系。所以,可以在名詞和從句之間加系動(dòng)詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)新句子,如果合乎邏輯,句子通順,則原句為同位語(yǔ)從句;定語(yǔ)從句是不能夠用系表結(jié)構(gòu)把先行詞與從句連接起來(lái)的。
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