Question

【題目】請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。

For decades, sociologists have been trying to understand why certain people rise to the top of their fields. A number of theories have emerged, so if you're struggling on the path of success, perhaps these will give you some new clues.

IQ is Overrated

A high IQ is necessary, but it is not adequate to predict executive competence and corporate success. While people with high test scores do have more opportunities, that doesn't mean that smart people are more successful. In fact, in many fields the link between success and intelligence is often weak or non-existent. Nobel Prize winning Israeli-American psychologist, Daniel Kahneman, found that people would rather do business with a person they like and trust rather than someone they don’t, even if the likeable person is offering a lower quality product or service at a higher price.

The 10,000 Hours Theory

A Professor at the University of Colorado named Anders Ericsson decided to look at the differences between amateurs and professionals. In 1993, he released a paper that found on average amateurs only got about 4000 hours of practice, but professionals had practiced for at least 10,000 hours. While there's some debate over whether 10,000 hours is a rule or just a theory, many experts agree that a significant number of people who are considered "great" have, on average, 10,000 hours of experience.

Deliberate Practice

If no one is born talented and you need 10,000 hours of practice, what's the most effective way of using those hours? One theory is something sociologists call "deliberate practice." Essentially, there are six elements. The practice needs to be meant to specifically improve performance, and is even more effective if there's coaching. It needs to be repeatable, and feedback regularly is crucial. It also has to be demanding, either physically or mentally. If you're doing all of this correctly, it shouldn't be a fun experience. An example would be a basketball player who isn't very good at free throws spending hours and hours just doing free throws while being coached. Not a great time no matter how big of a basketball fan you are.

No One Succeeds on Their Own

While it would be nice to succeed simply because we work hard, life doesn't work that way. We need help and support from friends, family and teachers, and then we need chances from employers and other key figures in the fields we choose to pursue. In order to succeed, the gifts and interests of a person need to be encouraged, especially at a young age. Then as they grow up, people need to be given opportunities, breaks and second chances. Without help from other people, it makes it impossible to succeed because as Gladwell points out, "… no one—not rock stars, not professional athletes, not software billionaires, and not even geniuses — ever makes it alone."

You Have Amazing Potential

On average, the human mind can remember a sequence of seven to nine numbers. After that it becomes incredibly hard to remember all the numbers in the right order. Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University wanted to know if someone of average intelligence could break that barrier with practice. Through a lot of tests, researchers discovered what they called "the remarkable potential of 'ordinary' adults and their amazing capacity for change with practice." Their research showed that even "ordinary" people have the potential to be great by challenging themselves. If you work hard, your goals can be more attainable than you thought.

Passage outline	Supporting details
Introduction	Sociologists have been wondering what makes some people successful for years and the following will give you some 【1】into it.
Some 【2】	IQ is Overrated	◆By itself, a high IQ doesn’t 【3】 mean that you will stand out and rise above others. ◆People show 【4】 for more trustworthy business partners rather than those with only higher IQ.
	The 10,000 Hours Theory	◆What 【5】amateurs from professionals is that amateurs only get about 4000 hours of practice while professionals get for at least 10,000 hours.
	Deliberate Practice	◆Deliberate Practice needs to be 【6】at improving performance specifically and will be more effective with coaching. ◆Deliberate Practice needs to be repeatable and feedback on a regular 【7】is crucial. ◆Whatever 【8】you have for something, it’s no easy task to do deliberate Practice since it is demanding.
	No One Succeeds on Their Own	◆【9】to the common belief, you can’t live without other people’s help.
	You Have Amazing Potential	◆Through much practice and by challenging youselves, you can break the barrier and 【10】your goals.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】insights

【2】theories

【3】necessarily

【4】preference/favor

【5】separates

【6】aimed

【7】basis

【8】affection

【9】Contrary

【10】attain/reach

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章就為什么一些人能自己所在的領(lǐng)域達(dá)到頂峰給出了五種可能。

【1】信息捕捉題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容A number of theories have emerged, so if you're struggling on the path of success, perhaps these will give you some new clues.可知，許多理論已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，所以如果你在成功的道路上掙扎，也許這些會(huì)給你一些新的思路，故這里可以用new clues或詞義接近的詞insights。故這里用insights。

【2】信息捕捉題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容A number of theories have emerged, so if you're struggling on the path of success, perhaps these will give you some new clues.可知大量理論出現(xiàn)，所以如果你在成功的路上努力，也許這些會(huì)給你些新思路。故這里用名詞theories。

【3】信息捕捉，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段的A high IQ is necessary, but it is not adequate to predict executive competence and corporate success.可知高智商是必要的，但用它預(yù)測(cè)執(zhí)行能力和公司的成功并不足夠。所以，這里可以把句子轉(zhuǎn)換為“高智商不一定意味著你出眾或高人一等�！惫蔬@里填necessarily。

【4】信息捕捉題。根據(jù)第二段的Daniel Kahneman, found that people would rather do business with a person they like and trust rather than someone they don’t, even if the likeable person is offering a lower quality product or service at a higher price.可知Daniel Kahneman發(fā)現(xiàn)人們更愿意跟他們喜歡和信任的人做生意，即使喜歡的人提供的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量差一些或者服務(wù)的價(jià)格高一些。這里可以把句子換為“人們對(duì)更值得信賴的商業(yè)伙伴而不是高智商的人展現(xiàn)出偏愛(ài)\喜愛(ài)”。故這里用preference/favor。

【5】信息捕捉題。根據(jù)第三段的A Professor at the University of Colorado named Anders Ericsson decided to look at the differences between amateurs and professionals. In 1993, he released a paper that found on average amateurs only got about 4000 hours of practice, but professionals had practiced for at least 10,000 hours.可知，Colorado大學(xué)的教授Anders Ericsson決定看看業(yè)余選手和專業(yè)選手的區(qū)別。1993年，他發(fā)表的一篇論文稱他發(fā)現(xiàn)，平均起來(lái)，業(yè)余選手只有4000小時(shí)的訓(xùn)練，但是專業(yè)選手訓(xùn)練達(dá)到10,000小時(shí)。句中的he differences between amateurs and professionals可以用what separates amateurs from professionals。故這里用separates。

【6】信息捕捉題。根據(jù)第四段的The practice needs to be meant to specifically improve performance, and is even more effective if there's coaching.可知，訓(xùn)練被認(rèn)為尤其能提高表現(xiàn)，如果有教練的話會(huì)更有效。句中的be meant to可以用be aimed at。故這里用aimed。

【7】信息捕捉題。根據(jù)第四段的It needs to be repeatable, and feedback regularly is crucial.可知它需要可重復(fù)性，定期的反饋是至關(guān)重要的。句中的regularly可以用on a regular basis。故這里用basis。

【8】信息捕捉題。根據(jù)第四段的Not a great time no matter how big of a basketball fan you are.可知，不管你有多喜歡籃球，Deliberate Practice都不是愉快的時(shí)光。句中的how big of a fan可以用whatever affection you have for。故這里用affection。

【9】信息捕捉題。根據(jù)第五段的We need help and support from friends, family and teachers, and then we need chances from employers and other key figures in the fields we choose to pursue.可知，我們需要幫助和支持，他們來(lái)自朋友、家人和老師，我們也需要雇主和其他我們選擇追求的這個(gè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的關(guān)鍵人物給的機(jī)會(huì)。這里可以把句子換為“與人們普遍認(rèn)為的相反，你不能在沒(méi)有別人幫助的情況下生活�！� 故這里用Contrary。

【10】信息捕捉，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第六段的If you work hard, your goals can be more attainable than you thought.可知，如果你努力工作，你的目標(biāo)比你認(rèn)為的更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)。可以把句子換為“通過(guò)多練和挑戰(zhàn)自己，你可以突破障礙，實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)�！惫蔬@里用attain/reach。