There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama came from ritual (宗教儀式). The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then kept and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths (神話), coutinued to exist and provided material for art and drama.
Those who believe that drama came from ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the “acting area” and the “watching area.” In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in performing, religious leaders usually undertook that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and used gestures about the desired effect, success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival (復(fù)活) of the Sun. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.
Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales about the hunt, war, or other feats are gradually added in detail, at first through imitation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely-related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.
小題1:What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．The origins of theater.B．The role of ritual in modern dance.
C．The importance of storytelling.D．The variety of early religious activities.
小題2:What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first parapraph?
A．The reason why drama is often unpredictable.B．The seasons in which dramas were performed.
C．The connection between myths and dramatic plots.D．The importance of costumes in early drama.
小題3:Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual?
A．Dance.B．Costumes.C．Music.D．Magic.
小題4:According to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual and drama?
A．Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.B．Ritual is shorter than drama.
C．Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.D．Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not.

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:D

小題1:這是一道主旨題。根據(jù)文章第一句“There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.” 及第三段第一句“Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling.” 可知本文是討論戲劇的起源的。故選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。
小題2:這也是一道主旨題。本題可用排除法來做。通過閱讀第一段，首先很明顯可將選項(xiàng)B和D排除；選項(xiàng)A（戲劇無法預(yù)測(cè)的原因）也不正確，故只有選項(xiàng)C（神話與戲劇情節(jié)的聯(lián)系）為正確答案。
小題3:這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。在做本題時(shí)要注意題干中的NOT。通過閱讀文章很明顯選項(xiàng)D
小題4:根據(jù)文章第二段可知盡管有人說戲劇起源于宗教儀式，但是它們還是有區(qū)別的，例如：戲劇演出“perfonnances”要有合適的演出地點(diǎn)；戲劇表演時(shí)，“表演區(qū)”和“觀看區(qū)”有明顯的分界線，另外表演戲劇還要有演員。而宗教儀式在進(jìn)行過程中為了避免犯錯(cuò)誤都是由宗教領(lǐng)袖來進(jìn)行，由他們戴上面具，
穿上服裝來模仿其他人，動(dòng)物或超自然的東西，做出一些動(dòng)作以求達(dá)到目的。
練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


The Home of My People

When Lewis and Clark stepped onto the Weippe Prairie in present-day Idaho in September 1805, they met the Nez Perce Indians. In the following years, the white explorers（探險(xiǎn)者）began to fight with the Indians for their land. Some Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the U.S. government, selling part of their lands. But the government always broke those agreements and demanded more land.
Other chiefs refused to go along with the government’s plans. The most famous was Chief Joseph, whose people lived in the Wallowa Valley（present-day Oregon）.
“In order to have all people understand how much land we owned,” he once explained, “my father planted poles around it and said: ‘Inside is the home of my people…It circled around the graves（墳?zāi)梗﹐f our fathers, and we will never give up these graves to any man.’”
But in 1874, the U.S. government declared the valley open for white settlement and ordered the Nez Perce onto a reservation（保留地）. Seeing that resistance was useless, Chief Joseph agreed to move.
Later fighting broke out between the Nez Perce and U.S. soldiers. Chief Joseph tried to lead his people to Canada, winning several battles against the soldiers during their flight. But finally, he was forced to give in.
56. Which historic site （on the map）lies in the south of today’s Nez Perce Reservation?
A. Buffalo Eddy.             B. Dug Bar.
C. Joseph Canyon Viewpoint.         D. Chief Looking Glass Camp.
57. What can we learn about the Nez Perce lands from the map?
A. They were in the state of Oregon.
B. They have become a historic site.
C. They have become much smaller.
D. They were limited to the Wallowa Valley.
58. From Paragraph 3, we know that the Indians wanted to ______.
A. show off their land      B. keep their land
C. turn their place into a graveyard      D. build their homes around the poles

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When in 1789, George Washington became the first president of the United States, there was no permanent capital in which to house the government. During the Revolutionary War several different cities had served as the national capital. In addition, members of congress could not agree as to where this permanent capital should be located. Some officials wanted it in the north, others wanted it in the south. Each of the states hoped that the capital might lie within its own state lines. At last it was decided that the capital should occupy a section by itself, separate from any of the states. The place chosen was situated on the Potomac River. The land belonged originally to the state of Maryland, but Maryland agreed to the national government. The section was named the Washington. Work was begun on the new capital in 1791. in the year 1899 Congress occupied the new capital building at the same time the White House was opened as the home of all future presidents.
小題1:Before the year 1800, the capital of America had been located in _______.
A．MarylandB．Washington
C．New YorkD．several cities
小題2:Why was it decided that the capital should be separated from any of the states? Because ________.
A．the District of Columbia was on the borders of several states
B．the District of Columbia was in the center of America
C．Maryland insisted that the capital lie in its own state
D．Each of the states wanted the capital might lie within its own state
小題3:The capital was named after _______.
A．a(chǎn)n explorer, who first found the place
B．the place where it occupied
C．the first president of the United States of America
D．a(chǎn) famous general who fought in the war
小題4:Presidents of the United States live in ________.
A．the capital buildingB．Maryland
C．New YorkD．the White House

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The history of the Games Olympia
Olympia, the site of the ancient Olympic Games, is in the western part of the Peloponnese which, according to Greek mythology, is the island of "Pelops", the founder of the Olympic Games. Imposing temples, votive buildings, elaborate shrines and ancient sporting facilities(設(shè)備) were combined in a site of unique natural and mystical beauty.
Olympia functioned as a meeting place for worship and other religious and political practices as early as the 10th century B.C. The central part of Olympia was dominated by the majestic temple of Zeus, with the temple of Hera parallel to it. The ancient stadium in Olympia could hold more than 40,000 audience, while in the surrounding area there were auxiliary(輔助的) buildings which developed gradually up until the 4th century B.C. and were used as training sites for the athletes or to house the judges of the Games.
The Games and religion
The Olympic Games were closely linked to the religious festivals of the cult of Zeus, but were not a total part of a rite. Indeed, they had a secular character and aimed to show the physical qualities and development of the performances accomplished by young people, as well as encouraging good relations between the cities of Greece. According to specialists, the Olympic Games owed their purity and importance to religion.
Victory ceremonies
The Olympic victor received his first awards immediately after the competition. Following the announcement of the winner's name by the herald, a Hellanodikis (Greek judge) would place a palm branch in his hands, while the audience cheered and threw flowers to him. Red ribbons were tied on his head and hands as a mark of victory.
The official award ceremony would take place on the last day of the Games, at the elevated vestibule of the temple of Zeus. In a loud voice, the herald would announce the name of the Olympic winner, his father's name, and his homeland. Then, the Hellanodikis placed the sacred olive tree wreath（花環(huán)）, or kotinos, on the winner's head.
小題1:When did Olympia become the site of the Olympic Games?
A. In the 10th century B.C.
B. Before the 4th century B.C.
C. After the 4th century B.C.
D. It was not mentioned here.
小題2:Which one is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Zeus is the founder of the Olympic Games.
B．The ancient stadium in Olympic were used as training sites for the athletes in the 10th century.
C．The Olympic Games have much to do with the religion.
D．The Olympic victor would receive a golden medal.
小題3:Can you guess the meaning of this word “herald” in the passage?
A．the authorB．the headmasterC．the announcerD．the manager
小題4:When the athletes won the game, ______.
A．They were awarded immediately after the competition.
B．They were awarded twice. The first, immediately after the competition; the second, on the last day of the game.
C．They were awarded on the last day of the game.
D．They were awarded on the last day of the game or immediately after the competition.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Mauritius, with its full name the Republic of Mauritius, an island country, lies 1,200 miles off the southeastern coast of Africa, and just east of Madagascar, another African island country, which is larger by far than Mauritius. It covers 788 square miles and has a population of 1,100,000, about 750,000 Indians, 300,000 Chinese and 20,000 Whites included. They are living together peacefully, although they share such different beliefs as Hindu, Roman Catholic, Muslim and so on. 
The country can be divided into many parts with different climates all because of its peculiar terrains (地形). In the center there are volcanoes (火山) several thousand feet high, and 90% of its arable land is covered with sugarcane.
There were no people living on the island before the Dutch landed on it in 1638. The Dutch relinquished it in 1710, and five years later, the French came and succeeded in planting sugarcane there. It was conquered (征服) by Britain in 1818. As a result, its official language is English. The main big cities are Beau-Bassin and Mahebourg, with Port Louis as its capital.
Mauritius has many rare and unique animals, such as the snakes, parrots and lizards. The giraffe is a type of animal with a very long neck and legs and yellow skin with dark spots. It is the tallest of all living animals.
Mauritius was extremely poor when it declared its independence in 1968. In the past ten years, obvious economic prosperity (繁榮) has shown itself in this island country. Nowadays its business, culture and tourism are developing rapidly. Every year, thousands of millions of people rush there to enjoy the silver sad beach and song and dance performances with native national characters.
小題1:The underlined word “relinquished” in the third paragraph means _______.
A．took its placeB．gave it up
C．left for itD．held it out
小題2:The right order that shows the history of Mauritius should be _______.
a. seized by the French          b. became its master
c. ruled by the Dutch            d. conquered by the British
A．b, a, c, dB．a(chǎn), c, d, b
C．d, c, a, bD．c, a, d, b
小題3: According to the passage all of the following statements are TRUE except ________.
Arable land covers 90% of the country’s total area   
It was the rule of foreigners that made the Mauritius people live in poverty
More than half of Mauritius population are Indians
Britain ruled the island longer than French and Dutch

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path .That’s when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.
Ceely’s near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS (導(dǎo)航儀). She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train,” she told the BBC.
Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely’s story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it’s not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.
The problem with his argument in the book is that it’s not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor singalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn’t say.
It’s a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it’s also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.
The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.
If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long.
小題1:What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident？
A．She was not familiar with the road.
B．It was dark and raining heavily then.
C．The railway workers failed to give the signal.
D．Her GPS device didn’t tell her about the crossing.
小題2:The phrase “near miss” (Paragraph 2) can best be replaced by______.
A．close hitB．heavy loss
C．narrow escapeD．big mistake
小題3:Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?
A．Modern technology is what we can’t live without.
B．Digital technology often falls short of our expectation.
C．Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be.
D．GPS error is not the only cause for Ceely’s accident.
小題4:In the writer’s opinion, Stevenson’s argument is _______.
A．one-sidedB．reasonable
C．puzzlingD．well-based
小題5:What is the real concern of the writer of this article?
A．The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.
B．The relationship between human and technology.
C．The shortcomings of digital devices we use.
D．The human unawareness of technical problems.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

On Christmas, children are curious about what to be in the stockings (長(zhǎng)筒襪). It might be safe to think children will ask Santa for an extensive list of toys, games and big dinners. But a survey of their lists for Father Christmas has shown many have more serious concerns, requesting "a dad" instead. Despite their material requests, a 'dad' is tenth most popular Christmas list request for children who would be happy to give up the latest iPad, toy or new pet, a survey of 2,000 British parents has found.
Most children will put a new baby brother or sister at the top of their Christmas list, closely followed by a request for a real-life reindeer (馴鹿). A "pet horse" was the third most popular choice, with a "car" at number four.
The survey also found children aged 3 to 12 years also wanted a dog, chocolate and a stick of rock. Traditional hopes for a white Christmas were represented by a wish for "snow" in ninth place, with sensible youngsters also requesting a "house". Of the top 50 festive requests, 17 related to pets and animals, with some imaginative children hoping for a chicken and an elephant. iPhones and iPads also appeared on the list, with some quirky children asking for the moon, a time machine, and a pond cover. A request for a "mum" reached number 23 on the list.

小題1: What’s the No.1 on the children’s Christmas list?
A．A new baby brother or sister.B．A real-life reindeer.
C．A pet horse. D．A house.
小題2: Which of the following is not included on the Christmas list?
A．A car. B．A chicken.
C．A stick of rock.D．A monkey.
小題3: What do quirky children in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Children with quick reaction.B．Children with wild ideas.
C．Children with cleverness. D．Children with good manners.
小題4:Which of the statements is Not True according to the passage?
A．Some children would rather request a dad than the latest iPad for Christmas.
B．Children of different character or ages may ask for different Christmas gifts.
C．A real-life reindeer is next to a car on children’s Christmas list.
D．According to the survey, a ‘dad” is tenth most popular Christmas list request.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Run Away, Don't Delay
One night, my son was watching his big screen TV alone, and I decided to join him. He was watching a show____there were college students going to a get­together in Washington DC, and____the thousands who gathered there to celebrate something. When they got there, they started becoming____in drinking, and doing drugs. I didn't want to watch it any more, so got up and went to bed.
About 3?30 a．m. I awoke, and lay there thinking about____， and a poem began forming in my mind, which began as, “____sin(something wrong)comes calling, or knocking at your door, run away, don't delay，____sin is like a magnet, and it will pull you down, run away, do not____.” As I lay there, there was music which____it, and I knew that there was no way I would remember it by____， so I got up and sat at the table, trying to____both the words and the music which came to me at the time.____the pattern was set, and I had the notes written down in my notebook, the____of the poem came to me as well.
When it got____I decided to sit down at the piano and began trying to play it. My family came into the sitting room and I told them about the song, and wanted to____it with them. They all liked it, and____several times that day, I sang it again, and played it again, trying to fix it in my____.
Later, I wanted to put the song on paper____just the little dots in my notebook indicating how high and how____to go. Not knowing how to do that, I____the song, and then sent it to my sister, Jennie, who had written many songs using her own poetry and music, and soon, here came the music and words all done up____. I was so glad.
小題1:
A．thatB．which
C．in whichD．for which
小題2:
A．joiningB．watching
C．reportingD．encouraging
小題3:
A．satisfiedB．involved
C．excitedD．embarrassed
小題4:
A．the tragedyB．the accident
C．the mistakeD．the program
小題5:
A．WheneverB．However
C．WhereverD．Whoever
小題6:
A．forB．with
C．thusD．otherwise
小題7:
A．seeB．stay
C．careD．take
小題8:
A．caught up withB．got on well with
C．took part inD．came along with
小題9:
A．nowB．heart
C．nightD．morning
小題10:
A．turn offB．write to
C．put downD．look back
小題11:
A．SinceB．Once
C．BeforeD．Because
小題12:
A．styleB．other
C．restD．part
小題13:
A．lightB．sunny
C．wellD．perfect
小題14:
A．learnB．check
C．shareD．write
小題15:
A．soB．such
C．veryD．too
小題16:
A．dreamB．heart
C．lifeD．family
小題17:
A．but forB．instead of
C．other thanD．a(chǎn)s if
小題18:
A．bigB．far
C．lowD．sweet
小題19:
A．recordedB．sang
C．playedD．printed
小題20:
A．kindlyB．carefully
C．friendlyD．nicely

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

     For well over a thousand years，smallpox was a disease that everyone feared．The disease killed much of the native population in South America when the Spanish arrived there in the early sixteenth century．By the end of the eighteenth century，smallpox was responsible for about one in
ten deaths around the world．Those who survived the disease were left with ugly scars on their sjun．
It had long been well known among farmers that people who worked with cows seldom caught smallpox；instead，they often caught a similar but much milder disease called cowpox (牛痘) ．A Bridsh doctor called Jenner was extremely interested in this，and so he studied cowpox He believed that，by vaccinating (給接種疫苗) people with the disease，he could protect them against the much worse disease smallpox．In 1796，he vaccinated a boy with cowpox and，two months later，with smallpox．The boy did not get smallpox．In the next two years，Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way，and none of them got the disease．
News of the success of Jenner’s work soon spread．Vaccination soon became a common method to protect people against other diseases caused by virus，such as rable (狂犬病)，and vaccines (疫苗) were sent across the world to the United States and India．
It took nearly two centuries to achieve Jenner’s dream of getting free of smallpox from the whole world．In 1967，the world Health Organization (WHO) started a great vaccination program，and the last known case of smallpox was recorded in Somalia in 1977．The story of vaccinations does not end there，however．There are many other diseases that kill more and more people every year．Besides，many new diseases are being discovered．The challenge for medical researchers will，therefore，probably continue for several more centuries
小題1:Smallpox was so serious that       by the end of l8th century
A．its death rate was up to ten percent
B．those who caught it were certain to die
C．one in ten people in the world died of smallpox
D．one in ten deaths in the world was caused by smallpox
小題2:Edward Jenner discovered that vaccination with cowpox could      
A．make smallpox much milder
B．stop people from getting smallpox
C．protect people against any disease
D．prevent people’s scars after smallpox
小題3:Which of the following statements is not true?
A．The first experiment with cowpox was made by a British doctor
B．After 1977 smallpox disappeared around the world according to WHO．
C．Vaccination had existed among ordinary farmers before being discovered
D．Vaccination can be used to protect people in the world against not only smallpox
小題4:The author of the passage thinks that      
A．vaccinations bring many new problems
B．vaccinations end the spread of diseases
C．there is a long way to go to fight against diseases
D．there is along way to go to discover new diseases

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案