Question

【題目】Breathing in polluted air on busy roads is as harmful as passively smoking ten cigarettes a day, new research has found. The drop in pollution had the same effects as avoiding four cigarettes a day. One of the researchers, Saskia van der Zee, explained why they compared the effects of pollution lo passive smoking. “We thought that passive smoking would be easier to understand,” she told The Times. ‘‘You don’t want your neighbors to come into your house and smoke three cigarettes every day.”

Earlier this week, doctors warned that Britain is facing a major health emergency unless diesel(柴油)cars are taken off the roads. Emissions (排放物) from diesel cars arc already contributing to smog which has been linked to the deaths of 40,000 people a year. Health charities, medical leaders and environmental groups have called for a modern Clean Air Act lo bring pollution under control. Separately, more than 300 doctors in the Doctors Against Diesel group have written to Theresa May, calling for a diesel reduction.

Professor John Middleton, president of the UK Faculty of Public Health, said, “Diesel is the primary source of nitrogen dioxide(二氧化氮)in urban areas and is linked to health effects that begin before birth and extend throughout life, from childhood lung development to increased risk of heart disease, stroke and lung cancer. It is high lime lo handle the problem.”

London is already planning to introduce an “emission zone” which diesel drivers would be charged to enter, and other cities are set to follow. But exerts are desperate to find new ways to control the damage done by pollution. Diesel drivers in Westminster have been told they may soon be charged 50 percent extra for on-street parking. And Sadiq Khan, the mayor of London，submitted a 3,500 plan to encourage drivers to switch to petrol or electric cars.

“Cutting diesel emissions would therefore have an immediate effect on children’s personal exposure, and improve their long-term health.” A government spokesman said.

【1】Why did the researchers compare pollution to smoking?

A. It’s easier for people to understand.

B. It’s hard for people to quit smoking.

C. It’s a bad habit to smoke at home.

D. It’s harmful to breathe in polluted air.

【2】How can the major health emergency be solved according to Britain doctors?

A. Give up smoking.

B. Abandon diesel cars.

C. Make strict laws.

D. Schedule yearly exams.

【3】What can we infer from what Professor John Middleton said?

A. Cutting diesel emissions is urgent.

B. Prevention is better than relief.

C. Children are the worst victims.

D. People ignored the harm of diesel.

【4】What is the purpose of the plan put forward by Sadiq Khan?

A. To improve air quality with high technology.

B. To limit the total number of cars on roads.

C. To inspire people to choose greener vehicles.

D. To carry out license plate restrictions.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】A

【4】C

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在繁忙的道路上呼吸被污染的空氣，就像被動吸煙一天一樣有害。為了讓人們更好的理解污染的嚴重性，研究人員將污染的影響比作被動吸煙，介紹了使用柴油給環(huán)境帶來的危害，呼吁人們使用清潔能源，保護環(huán)境，保護人類。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ Saskia van der Zee, explained why they compared the effects of pollution lo passive smoking. “We thought that passive smoking would be easier to understand,””“Saskia van der Zee解釋了為什么他們將污染的影響比作被動吸煙。我們認為被動吸煙會更容易理解，”。故選A。

【2】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Earlier this week, doctors warned that Britain is facing a major health emergency unless diesel(柴油)cars are taken off the roads”“本周早些時候，醫(yī)生警告說，英國正面臨一個主要的衛(wèi)生緊急狀況，除非脫離柴油汽車的道路�！笨芍�，應該放棄柴油汽車。故選B。

【3】根據(jù)第四段“diesel drivers would be charged to enter”“柴油司機將被收取入市費”，“Diesel drivers in Westminster have been told they may soon be charged 50 percent extra for on-street parking”“Westminster的柴油司機將被告知，他們可能很快就會為街邊停車收取50%的額外費用”，“ Sadiq Khan, the mayor of London，submitted a 3,500 plan to encourage drivers to switch to petrol or electric cars”“市長提交了3500個計劃鼓勵司機轉向汽油或電動汽車�！笨芍�，減少柴油排放是當務之急。故選A。

【4】主旨大意題。本文介紹了很多關于柴油汽車帶來的危害和影響，意在呼吁人們使用清潔無污染的能源。故選C。