15．Four people in England back in 1953，stared at Photo 51，It wasn't much-a picture showing a black X．But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed-the shape of DNA The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson，F(xiàn)rancis Crick，and Maurice Wilkins．The fourth，the one who actually made the picture，was left out．
Her name was Rosalind Franklin．"She should have been up there，"says historian（歷史學(xué)家） Mary Bowden．"If her photos hadn't been there，the others couldn't have come up with the structure．"One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision．But now scholars（學(xué)者）doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors
At Cambridge University in the 1950s，Watson and Click tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA's parts and then putting them together．In the meantime，at King's College in London，F(xiàn)ranklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule（分子）．The rays produced patterns reflection the shape．
But Wilkins and Franklin's relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick，Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant．But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project．
What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out．And she was not shy about saying so．That angered Watson，who attacked her in return，"Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend．Clearly she had to to go or be put in her place．"
As Franklin's competitors，Wilkins，Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers，says historian Pnina Abir-Am．In 1962at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony，Wilkins thanked 13colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin，Watson wrote his book laughing at her．Crick wrote in 1974that"Franklin was only two steps away from the solution．"
No，F(xiàn)ranklin was the solution．"She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA．She must be considered a co-discoverer，"Abir-Am says．This was backed up by Aaron Klug，who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself．Once described as the"Dark Lady of DNA"，F(xiàn)ranklin is finally coming into the light．
5．What is the text mainly about？B
A．The disagreements among DNA researchers．
B．The unfair treatment of Franklin．
C．The process of discovering DNA．
D．The race between two teams of scientists．
6．Watson was angry with Franklin because sheC．
A．took the lead in the competition
B．kept her results from him
C．proved some of his findings wrong
D．shared her data with other scientists
7．Why is Franklin described as"Dark Lady of DNA"？D
A．She developed pictures in dark labs．
B．She discovered the black X-the shape of DNA．
C．Her name was forgotten after her death．
D．Her contribution was unknown to the public．
8．What is the writer's attitude toward Wilkins，Watson and Crick？A
A．Disapproving．
B．Respectful．
C．Admiring．
D．Doubtful．
分析 本文講述了主人公Franklin對發(fā)現(xiàn)DNA的貢獻(xiàn)，但卻始終不為人所知的一系列事情．
解答 5．B主旨大意題．本文講述了主人公Franklin的一系列事情，第一自然段作者提到"The fourth，-----was left out"，最后一段也提到"She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA．She must be considered a co-discoverer，"由此看出命運(yùn)對她的不公，選B．
6．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題．由"What she did was-------And she was not shy about saying so"，她所做的是產(chǎn)生x射線照片，告訴沃森和克里克說，他們的一個早期的模型里面出來并不羞于說她拒絕了．可知選C．
7．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題．從文中看出作者多次提及Franklin對發(fā)現(xiàn)DNA的貢獻(xiàn)，但卻始終不為人所知，由此理解dark，所以稱為"Dark Lady of DNA"，選D．
8．A觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度題．由倒數(shù)第二段"As Franklin's competitors，Wilkins，-----from the solution．"可推出作者是不贊成，選A．
點(diǎn)評 本文是一個人物故事類閱讀理解，題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案．推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)．
