Attitude is an internal state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual. Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.

     The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas－all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.

Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice. But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.

      Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them. And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification（修正）of attitudes.

1．The word “state” (in Line 1) has the similar meaning to___________.

     A．a(chǎn) mental or emotional condition.            B．a(chǎn) condition of being in a stage or form.

      C．social position or rank．                       D．a(chǎn) specific mode of government.

2．According to the passage, attitudes ­­­­­­­­­__________.

     A．come from different situations in one’s life

     B．a(chǎn)re largely affected by one’s behavior

     C．remain unchanged in one’s daily life

     D．could be chosen according to one’s will

3．The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show______.

     A．people often make mistakes when they are not noticed

     B．people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds

     C．particulars of a situation may influence an individual’s action

     D．a(chǎn)n individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily

4．Which of the following is TRUE about the learning of attitudes?

     A．Attitudes are only learned through one’s success.

     B．Attitudes learned in danger will last longer.

     C．Copying others behavior is not a good idea.

     D．Attitudes can be learned from one’s parents.

5．What would be the best title for the passage?

     A．Differences of Attitudes.                        B．Nature(性質(zhì)) of Attitude.

     C．Choices of Attitudes.                              D．Modification of Attitude.

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Honestly, since my son was born, I have thought a lot about how to raise a child. I once heard a story that told about when a baby was born. The story said that when a baby was born, a new master was born. The parents of that baby would become the servants. The question is: Why? Based on my observation, this phenomenon is true. Most parents who don't pay much attention to their kids have difficulties with their kids' attitude.

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  D. Children should be helped whenever they make mistakes.

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  A. Make a comparison of how two families raise their children

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