Question

12．What is the nature of the scientific attitude，the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics，biology，chemistry，geology，engineering，medicine or any other science？
    We all know that science plays an important role in our societies．However，many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science．The first aspect is the application of the machines，products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop．The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work．
    What are these special methods of thinking and acting？First of all，it seems that a successful scientist is curious-he wants to find out how and why the universe works．He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation，and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected．Moreover，he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves．
    He is a good observer，accurate，patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest．For example，trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum（光譜）．
    He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available．He rejects authority as the only basis for truth．Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively．
    Furthermore，he does not readily accept his own idea，since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation．
    Lastly，he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete．Furthermore，he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place．
    These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts．

66．Many people believe that science helps society to progress throughB．
A．knowledge only                        B．more than one aspect
C．technology only                       D．the use of machines
67．Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE？C
A．He doesn't find confidence and pleasure in work．
B．He is interested in problems that are explained．
C．He makes efforts to investigate potential connections．
D．He looks for new ways of acting．
68．According to the passage，a successful scientist would NOTA．
A．easily believe in unchecked statements      
B．easily criticize others'research work
C．a(chǎn)lways use his imagination in work  
D．a(chǎn)lways use evidence from observation
69．What is the author's attitude towards the topic？B
A．Critical．B．Objective．C．Unclear．D．Prejudiced．
70．What does the passage mainly discuss？C
A．Application of technology．
B．Progress in modem society．
C．Scientists'ways of thinking and acting．
D．How to become a successful scientist．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇說明文．主要說明的是科學(xué)家思維和行為模式．科學(xué)在社會(huì)中起著重要作用．許多人認(rèn)為，我們的進(jìn)取取決于科學(xué)的兩個(gè)不同的方面．第一個(gè)方面是機(jī)器的運(yùn)用，產(chǎn)品知識(shí)、科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人員開發(fā)系統(tǒng)．而是思想和行為為科學(xué)家在研究中使用特殊方法．有哪些特殊的方法呢？成功地科學(xué)家總是充滿好奇心，努力探索宇宙是運(yùn)行的原因及方式；他們善于觀察、客觀、耐心、力求精準(zhǔn)、一切以事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ)；不輕易接受未經(jīng)充分論證的結(jié)論；具備豐富的想象力．

解答 66-70 BCABC
66．B   細(xì)節(jié)理解題、根據(jù)第二段中的"However，many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science．"可知，很多人認(rèn)為我們的進(jìn)步依賴于兩種不同的科學(xué)方面，故選B．
67．C   細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第三段中的"he wants to find out how and why the universe works．He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation，and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected"可知，他們想了解宇宙是如何運(yùn)作的，他們通常都會(huì)注意到還沒有滿意解釋的一些問題，即使現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)似乎似乎毫無關(guān)聯(lián)，但他們也要一探究竟．即他們會(huì)努力研究探討可能的潛在聯(lián)系，故選C．
68．A  細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第五段中的"Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively"可知，科學(xué)家們會(huì)檢驗(yàn)觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)真、謹(jǐn)慎、客觀地做實(shí)驗(yàn)，即他們不輕易相信和接受未經(jīng)充分論證的結(jié)論，故選A．
69．B   推理判斷題．根據(jù)最后一段中"These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts"可知，這些便是成功地科學(xué)家和技術(shù)家的思維模式和行為方式，可推知從第三段至第七段都是有關(guān)這些思維模式和行為方式．因此作者對(duì)這些思維模式和行為方式是具體的、客觀的，故選A．
70．B   主旨大意題．縱觀全文可知，文章主要說明的是科學(xué)家思維和行為模式，文章從第三段至最后一段都是在闡述具體的科學(xué)家思維和行為模式．故選B．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，一個(gè)常用的方法就是運(yùn)用定位法，即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較從而確定答案；推理判斷題既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)．