Question

【題目】In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity（繁榮）. Others say that competition is bad, that it sets one person against another and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit（追求） of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which only values the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary player, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “ I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot.

Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued．Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to disappear can we discover a new meaning in competition.

【1】Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?

A．It pushes society forward．

B．It builds up a sense of duty.

C．It improves personal abilities.

D．It encourages individual efforts.

【2】The underlined phrase “ the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means _____.

A．those who try their best to win

B．those who are against competition most strongly

C．those who value competition most highly

D．those who rely on others most for success

【3】Which point of view may the author agree to?

A．Every effort should be paid back.

B．Competition should be encouraged.

C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter.

D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】D

【解析】

試題分析：議論文，文中提到作者身邊對(duì)competition（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）的不同觀點(diǎn)。一種是拼盡全力贏得比賽的人，他們認(rèn)為輸贏是生死攸關(guān)的事情，只有獲勝才能體現(xiàn)個(gè)人價(jià)值。另一種人極力反對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，他們認(rèn)為人們競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力過(guò)大，導(dǎo)致人際關(guān)系不友好，而且這些人極力逃避努力奮斗，認(rèn)為如果盡力去做而沒(méi)有成功會(huì)導(dǎo)致自己不被別人承認(rèn)，因此他們不做努力，以此做為失敗的借口，“我沒(méi)有去努力，因此失敗也沒(méi)什么了不起！”作者對(duì)這兩種態(tài)度運(yùn)用了“sadly”和“mistaken”來(lái)評(píng)論，并在結(jié)尾表示，只有這種對(duì)成功的恐懼緩解，才能體會(huì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的真正含義。

【1】A 細(xì)節(jié)題：第一段第二句從Some value it highly believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity 有些人認(rèn)為它是社會(huì)進(jìn)步和繁榮的責(zé)任，換句話說(shuō)，也就是推動(dòng)社會(huì)向前發(fā)展，所以答案選A。

【2】B猜詞題：從第三段的句子：In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. 在一種價(jià)值觀的文化中，只有贏家和不重視普通球員，他們強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，可知the most vocal是強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的人。所以答案選B。

【3】D 細(xì)節(jié)題：最后一段最后一句從Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition. 可推知害怕失敗可以在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中消除。所以答案選D。