Question

Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.
Once this was done, workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasn't the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmer away. The increased mechanization (機械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had no choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.
【小題1】In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?

A．Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.

B．The increased exploitation (剝削)of workers in the 19th century.

C．The increased use of machines to make products in less time.

D．The use of machines producing parts of the same standard.

【小題2】The underlined word “this ”in the second paragraph refers to the change that ______

A．each nail could be taken the place of by every other nail

B．each nail was exactly like every other nail

C．producing tasks became smaller and smaller

D．goods could be mass produced

【小題3】According to the writer, highly skilled workers ______

A．completely disappeared with the coming of the factory system

B．were dismissed(解散) by the boss

C．were unable to produce goods of high standard

D．were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines

【小題4】According to the passage, what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?
A. Many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.
B. They stuck to their farm work.
C. They refused to use machines.
D They did their best to learn how to use the machines.

Answer 1

【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】D
【小題4】A

解析試題分析：這篇文章主要講科學(xué)技術(shù)推動了歷史的發(fā)展。
【小題1】原文中并未說對工人剝削的增加，故選項B為正確答案。
【小題2】在條件句中，this 指上文的內(nèi)容：貨物批量生產(chǎn)。故選D。
【小題3】可從第二段第四句知道D項為正確答案。
【小題4】可根據(jù)第二段第六句及第八句判斷故選A。
考點：說明文閱讀理解。
點評：要想答好題目，重在理解全文意思。這篇文章非常簡單，先看問題，再帶著問題讀短文，找出各段落的主旨句，理解全文內(nèi)容，總結(jié)全文中心，然后再回到問題上來，很容易選出正確答案。