20．The"Pygmalion effect"is a theory teaching that people will act or behave in the way that others expect them to．The effect has both positive and negative outcomes 一 a person expected by his or her superiors（上司）to succeed will，but the opposite is also usually true．
The effect has its origins in Greek mythology（神話））．According to a popular myth．Pygmalion was a prince of Cyprus and a sculptor who created and fell in love with an ivory statue of a woman．He begged the goddess Venus to give life to his creation，and she did．Pygmalion married the resulting woman and they had a perfect life together．He had expected the statue to be perfect in every way，and she fulfilled his expectations when she was brought to life．
English writer George Bernard Shaw expanded this idea in his popular play Pygmalion，which served as the inspiration for the perhaps better known My Fair Lady．In these dramas，a well-educated professor transforms a low-class woman into a lady fit for society mainly by believing in her and expecting the best of her．
Many studies have been conducted on the Pygmalion effect in the classroom．Teachers who are given information that certain students are more likely to achieve than others often find that those students do，in fact，perform better 一 even if they are not objectively advantaged．Even teachers who try not to convey their beliefs or expectations for certain students often find that those expectations have influential power．
Many psychologists think that teachers do actually convey their expectations to their students，even if neither they nor the children ever actually realize it．Body language is just as important as verbal communication when conveying both positive and negative expectations，as is tone of voice．The use of body language is most commonly a subconscious form of communication，but it can prove to be very powerful．
The Pygmalion effect also has an important role in the working world．Managers and bosses can often influence the work and success of employees by expecting them to either rise or fall．The same as in school，these expectations never have to be conveyed clearly in order to take root
32，What is a necessary factor in the Pygmalion effect？D
A．A polite behavior．
B A code of conduct．
C．successful superior．
D．A passively-conveyed expectation．
33．Which of the following is a possible Pygmalion on their occasions？D
A．Excellent students in education．
B．Hard-working employees in business．
C．The goddess Venus in Greek mythology．
D．The educated professor in My Fair Lady．
34．What is mainly discussed about Pygmalion effect in Paragraph 2and Paragraph 3？A
A．Its origins in mythology and literature．
B．its success in mythology and literature．
C．Its popularity in mythology and literature．
D．Its application in mythology and literature．
35．What is the least powerful in conveying the expectations？B
A．Tone of voice．
B．A strong belief．
C．Body language．
D．VerbaL communication．
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)，它的必要因素是被動傳達的期望，而傳達期望的最有力的是強烈的信念．
解答 32．D．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段"The"Pygmalion effect"is a theory teaching that people will act or behave in the way that others expect them to"可知皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)的必要因素是被動傳達的期望；故選D．
33．D．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第三段"English writer George Bernard Shaw expanded this idea in his popular play Pygmalion，which served as the inspiration for the perhaps better known My Fair Lady"可知賣花女可能在窈窕淑女中受過教授地教育；故選D．
34．A．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段第三段"The effect has its origins in Greek mythology""English writer George Bernard Shaw expanded this idea in his popular play Pygmalion"可知23段主要討論它起源于神話和文學；故選A．
35．B．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Body language is just as important as verbal communication when conveying both positive and negative expectations，as is tone of voice"可知傳達期望的最有力的是強烈的信念；故選B．
點評 考察學生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．
