14.The United States estimates that about one out of every 10 people on the planet today is at least 60years old.By 2050,it's projected to be one out of 5.This means that not only will there be more old people,but there will be relatively fewer young people to support them.
Professor Richard Lee of the University of California at Berkeley says this aging of the world has a great effect on economics."Population aging increases the concentration of population in the older ages and therefore it is costly,"he said.
Aging populations consume (消耗) more and produce less.With more people living longer,it could get expensive.But Mr.Lee says with continuing increases in worker productivity and smart planning,it can be manageable.
Societies have different methods for caring for the elderly,but each carries a cost.Generally,there are three types of support.Seniors can live off the wealth they gained when they were younger.They can rely on their family to take care of them,or they can rely on the government.
In industrialized nations,governments created publicly-funded (公共資助的) support systems.These worked relatively well until recent years,when aging population growth in places like the United States and Western Europe began to gradually weaken the systems'finances.These nations now face some tough choices.Mr.Lee says the elderly in some of these countries must either receive less money,retire later or increase taxes to make the system continuable.
Most developing nations haven't built this type of government-funded support,but have instead relied on families to care for their elderly.These nations also generally have a much younger population,which means their situation is not as urgent as more developed nations.But Mr.Lee says that doesn't mean they can ignore the issue."Third World countries should give very careful thought to this process,to population aging and how it may affect their economies-now,before population aging even becomes an issue,"he explained.
29."Aging"in this text meansD.
A.there are more young people than old people
B.a(chǎn)n increasing number of old people are dying
C.more and more young people are growing old
D.the percentage of old people in the world is increasing
30.What is Professor Richard Lee's attitude towards population aging?C
A.Indifferent.B.Negative.
C.Optimistic.D.Worried.
31.The publicly-funded support systems in industrialized nationsA.
A.a(chǎn)re facing the risk of failing
B.have failed to provide support for the old
C.will be replaced by other support systems
D.have greatly affected the nations'economies
32.We can infer from the text that developing nationsB.
A.don't see population aging as an issue
B.should prepare for population aging.
C.a(chǎn)re facing urgent situations of population aging
D.have better ways to deal with population aging.
分析 短文主要介紹了美國人口老齡化給政府經(jīng)濟帶來的困擾,并說明了發(fā)展中國家雖然問題沒那么嚴峻,但也需采取措施.
解答 29.D,推理判斷題,根據(jù)句子The United States estimates that about one out of every 10 people on the planet today is at least 60years old.By 2050,it's projected to be one out of 5.美國60歲以上的人有十分之一,到2050年預(yù)計會有五分之一,因此可以推測Aging該詞的意思就是"世界上老齡人口增加",故答案為D.
30.C,推理判斷題,根據(jù)句子Mr.Lee says with continuing increases in worker productivity and smart planning,it can be manageable.可知,李教授認為這問題是可以處理的,因此可見他態(tài)度是樂觀的,故答案為C.
31.A,細節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)句子These worked relatively well until recent years,when aging population growth in places like the United States and Western Europe began to gradually weaken the systems'finances可知,隨著老齡化人口的增加,政府公共資助的系統(tǒng)資金正逐漸減少,故答案為A.
32.B,細節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)句子But Mr.Lee says that doesn't mean they can ignore the issue可知,雖然發(fā)展中國家問題還不嚴峻,但應(yīng)做好準備,故答案為B.
點評 解答任務(wù)型閱讀理解題,首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意.因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題,所以,速讀全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速讀的過程中,應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料.其次,細讀題材,各個擊破.掌握全文的大意之后,細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息.最后,要善于抓住每段的主題句,閱讀時,要有較強的針對性.對于捕獲到的信息,要做認真分析,仔細推敲,理解透徹,只有這樣,針對題目要求,才能做到穩(wěn)、準.