Howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack. As pack animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. There are different explanations of a wolf’s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.
One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together. It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harrington, a professor who studies wolf behaviour.
Indeed, there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus, and the next, quarreling among each other. It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times. So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? —Why do wolves howl for sure?
What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.
Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call” where wolves all howl together to report their presence.
小題1:What is the possible similarity between wolves’ howling together and humans’ singing in chorus?
A．The act of calling each other.B．The sense of accomplishment.
C．The act of hunting for something.D．The sense of belonging to a group.
小題2:Why does Harrington think the “social bond” theory may be wrong?
A．Wolves separate from each other after howling.
B．Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.
C．Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.
D．Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.
小題3:Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to ______.
A．show their ranks B．find their companions
C．report the missing onesD．express their loneliness
小題4:“Howling… is a contagious behaviour” (in the last paragraph) means _______.
A．howling is a signal for hunting
B．howling is a way of communication
C．howling often occurs in the morning
D．howling spreads from one to another

小題1:D
小題1:C
小題1:B
小題1:D
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

LEEDS, England ─ A Leeds University psychology (心理學(xué)) professor is teaching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies.
"The hatred we hold within us is a cancer," Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.
More than 70 people have become members in Hart’s first 20-week workshop in London ─ a course he says is the first of its kind in the world.
These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory. They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian-born Hart.
The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight.
The course, ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hate in these people. "People have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness," he said. "People confuse forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one."
Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed.
"The main idea is to give you guidelines on how to look at various kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with," said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project.
Hart said he believes forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people "want to get free of the past".
小題1:From this passage we know that ______.
A．high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hatred
B．high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professors
C．without hatred, people will have less trouble connected with blood and heart
D．people who suffer from blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies
小題2:If you are angry with somebody, you should ______.
A．try your best to defeat him or her
B．never meet him or her again
C．persuade him or her to have a talk with you
D．try to build up a positive attitude towards the person
小題3: In Hart’s first 20-week workshop, people there can ___.
A．meet their enemies
B．change their minds
C．enjoy the professor’s speech
D．learn how to quarrel with others
小題4: If you are a member in Hart’ s workshop, you’ll ______.
A．pay much money to Hart
B．go to the workshop every night
C．a(chǎn)ttend a gathering twice a month
D．pour out everything stored in your mind
小題5: The author wrote this passage in order to ________.
A．persuade us to go to Hart’s workshop
B．tell us the news about Hart’s workshop
C．tell us how to run a workshop like Hart’s
D．help us to look at various kinds of angers

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Everyday, 340 million people speak it. One billion people are learning it and it is said that by 2050, half of the world’s population will be using it. What are we talking about? That is the global language—English.
The English language started in Britain in the 5th century. It is a mixed language. It was built up when German. Scandinavian and French invaders settled in England and created a common language for communication.
Today it is the official language of the UK, the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa and Ireland as well as many islands in the Caribbean. Many other countries and regions use it for politics and business, for example, India. Pakistan, Nigeria and the Philippines. English is also one of the official languages of Hong Kong.
But global advertising and pop music mean that in most countries, you will see or hear some English. Thanks to McDonalds, we all know about “burgers”. “fries” and “milkshakes”. Songs by Madonna, Britney Spears and Celine Dion are in English. We can sing along, even if we do not understand what we are singing!
English is a messy (雜亂的) language. Every year, dictionaries include new words that talk about popular culture, for example, computer-related words such as "blogging", "download" and "chartroom". Also included are words that teenagers use. Who does not know “cool”, “OK” and “hello”?
Other languages also influence English. Many English words come from French. Words like “café” and expressions like “c'est la vie” (that is life) are all part of the English language. On the other hand, the French language includes English words like "le weekend" and "le camping". German words are also part of English. Words like "kindergarten" come from the German language.
Recently, British people have become interested in “yoga”. But the word comes from an ancient Hindu language in India.
小題1: The English language has a history of ______.
A．over 2000 yearsB．over 500 years
C．over 1500 yearsD．over 1000 years
小題2:The underlined expression “thanks to” can be replaced by ______.
A．because ofB．in order toC．a(chǎn)s usual D．a(chǎn)s if.
小題3:Which of the following statements is true about the language of English?
A．It has been changing all the time.
B．It has borrowed words from all the other languages.
C．French words are used by the English because dictionaries have French words.
D．Singers and film stars have the greatest influence on language.
小題4: How many people in the world are using English now?
A．One billion peopleB．340 million
C．a(chǎn)lmost all the people in the world.
D．not mentioned above, but the number is growing rapidly.
小題5: Many countries and regions use it for politics and business except______.
A．the USAB．Nigeria C．the PhilippinesD．Norway

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If your mother wants to tell you something, she uses words. Birds can not talk as we do. But some birds can make sounds to warn their young of danger. They have their own ways to make the young birds do certain thing.
The jackdaw is a kind of blackbirds that lives in Europe. Jackdaws live together in flocks. ( 群) Yong jackdaws do not know their enemies. When an older jackdaw sees a dog , it makes a loud tattling (格格響的)sound.The young birds know this sound means an enemy is nearby.  The sounds warns them to know their enemy.
If a young jackdaw is in a dangerous place, a jackdaw parent flies over him from behind.The parent bird flies low over the young bird’s back, the parents’ tail feathers move quickly from side to side, It is trying to say, “ Follow me.”
At the same time , the parent calls out, “ Key-aw ,Key-aw.” The parent means, “ Fly home with me.” The young bird then follows the older one home.
Young jackdaws do not have to learn what certain sounds mean.They know the meaning of these sounds from the time they hatch.
小題1:The jackdaw lives in _____ .
A．EuropeB．AustraliaC．AmericaD．Africa
小題2:When an old jackdaw sees a dog , it _____ .
A．calls out “Follow me .”B．makes a loud sound
C．flies awayD．fights the dog .
小題3: Parent jackdaw can use their tail feathers to ______ .
A．a(chǎn)sk their young to follow themB．play a game with the young
C．tell the meal timeD．give a warning of a fire
小題4:The story tells much about _____ .
A．the danger of jackdaws.
B．in which mother can talk to their children.
C．the way jackdaws warn their young of danger.
D．how the jackdaws are living.
小題5: Which of the following does this story lead you to believe ?
A．All animal parents can talk to their young.
B．Dogs are the most dangerous enemies for jackdaws.
C．Young jackdaws know the meaning of their parents’ sound when they grow older .
D．Some birds can give certain information to one another.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most recently, it's very common in students that they need a parent present for job interviews．     
Naturally, it's easy to blame the students in these situations, but the bigger problem is us．We—as parents—are so eager to shelter our kids that we fail to realize that this in itself is harming them．As the mother of two young sons, I have to remind myself constantly that the biggest responsibility I have as a parent is to help them develop the skills needed to live without me．So, I'll let them fail．
I'll let them fail because as long as they are safe and warm inside their comfort zones, they will never grow．Although failure comes along with loss, heartbreak, disappointment, etc, these will be part of growth for them．And leaving them alone is my way of helping them become equipped to fit in this world as we know it today．From terrorism and seemingly endless natural disasters, to our national debt and beyond, if we expect the next generation to stand up to the very real problems of our time, we need to stop feeding them and start teaching them how to fish．
My children now are becoming little masters of compromise(妥協(xié)），but they try to negotiate （協(xié)商） everything now．It's a small price to help them learn a skill they'll use for the rest of their lives, including when I don't accompany them on job interviews．
小題1:Why do parents accompany their kids on job interviews?
A．Because they want to protect their kids from difficulties．
B．Because they think they can help them on the questions．
C．Because their kids are too shy to attend interviews．
D．Because their kids strongly request them to do so．
小題2:According to the author, what is beneficial to kids' development?
A．Sheltering them．                     B．Keeping them safe．
C．Leaving them alone．                  C．Blaming them．
小題3:Why does the author stress failure in kids' life?
A．To make them stronger than other kids．
B．To help them grow in this tough world．
C．To help them develop all social skills．
D．To make them learn to compromise．
小題4:Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A．Never Shelter Your KidsB．Let Your Kids Fail
C．Be Eager to Grow UpD．Live Without Parents

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most recently, it's very common in students who need a parent present for job interviews． Naturally, it's easy to blame the students in these situations, but the bigger problem is us． We—as parents—are so eager to shelter our kids that we fail to realize that this in itself is harming them．As the mother of two young sons, I have to remind myself constantly that the biggest responsibility I have as a parent is to help them develop the skills needed to live in, to live without me．So, I'll let them fail．
I'll let them fail because as long as they are safe and warm inside their comfort zones, they will never grow．And failure is along with loss, heartbreak, disappointment, etc．—will be part of growth for them．Call me the anti-tiger mom, but leaving them alone  is my way of helping them become equipped to fit in this world as we know it today．From terrorism and seemingly endless natural disasters, to our national debt and beyond, if we expect the next generation to stand up to the very real problems of our time, we need to stop feeding them and start teaching them how to fish．
My children now are becoming little masters of compromise, but they try to negotiate （協(xié)商） everything now．It's a small price to help them learn a skill they'll use for the rest of their lives, including when I don't accompany them on job interviews．
小題1:Why do parents accompany their kids on job interviews?
A．Because they want to protect their kids from difficulties．
B．Because they think they can help them on the questions．
C．Because their kids are too shy to attend interviews．
D．Because their kids strongly request them to do so．
小題2:According to the author, what is beneficial to kids' development?
A．Sheltering them．                      B．Keeping them safe．
C．Leaving them alone．                  C．Blaming them．
小題3:Why does the author stress failure in kids' life?
A．To make them stronger than other kids．B．To help them grow in this tough world．
C．To help them develop all social skills．D．To make them learn to compromise．
小題4:Which of the following might be the best title for die text?
A．Never Shelter Your Kids B．Let Your Kids Fail
C．Be Eager to Grow UpD．Live Without Parents

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

At night, bats fly through the air, catching hundreds of insects and other small animals. But during the day, they hardly move at all. Instead, bats pass the time hanging upside down from a secret spot.
There are a couple of reasons why bats rest this way. First of all, it puts them in a position for takeoff. Unlike birds, bats can’t fly into the air from the ground. Their wings don’t produce enough lift to take off from a dead stop, and their hind legs are so small and underdeveloped that they can’t run to build up the necessary takeoff speed. Instead, they use their front claws to climb to a high spot, and then fall into flight.
During the hours when most enemies are active, bats gather where few animals would think to look and most can’t reach. This allows them to disappear from the world until night comes again. There’s also little competition for these resting spots, as other flying animals don’t have the ability to hang upside down.
Bats have a unique physiological adaptation that lets them hang around this way without using any energy. For you to hold your fist around an object tight, you contract（緊縮）several muscles in your arm, which are connected to your fingers by tendons（腱）；as one muscle contracts, it pulls a tendon, which pulls one of your fingers closed. A bat’s talons（爪）close in the same way, except that their tendons are connected only to the upper body, not to a muscle. To hang upside down, a bat pulls its claws open with other muscles. To get the talons to take hold of the surface, the bat simply lets its body relax. The weight of the upper body pulls down on the tendons connected to the talons, causing them to hold tight. Therefore, the bat doesn’t have to do anything to hang upside down.
小題1:Bats hang upside down because________．
A．they haven’t developed a pair of strong clawsB．they can’t start to fly from the ground directly
C．they have no hind legs to support their bodyD．they can’t find quiet places to stay during the day
小題2:The third paragraph tells us that bats’ hanging upside down_______.
A．is to save their energy for night movementB．is a way to fight against flying animals
C．is a great way to hide from dangerD．is a skill to compete for the flying places
小題3:Why can bats hang upside down easily?
A．Because their upper body is light.
B．Because they have strong muscles.
C．Because their talons are linked to muscles tightly.
D．Because their tendons are linked to their upper body.
小題4: What is the passage mainly about?
A．The living habits of bats.B．How and why bats hang upside down.
C．The importance of bats’ hanging upside down.D．How bats use their energy at night.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In a natural disaster—a hurricane, flood, volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes—minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death．Because of this, scientists are working to use the latest technological advances to predict when and where disasters will happen．They are also studying how best to analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained．
On September 29, 1998, Hurricane Georges made landfall in Biloxi, Mississippi, after damaging Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and several islands of the Caribbean badly with torrential rains and winds up to 160 km per hour．Few people lost their lives along the Gulf Coast of the United States, although hundreds died in the Caribbean．
This was a very different outcome from 1900, when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane made an unexpected direct hit on Galveston, Texas, killing at least 6,000 people．
Vastly improved hurricane warnings explain the different circumstances at either end of the 20th century——residents of Galveston had no advance warning that a storm was approaching, while residents of Biloxi had been warned days in advance, allowing for extensive safety precautions（預(yù)防）．
At the same time that people in Biloxi were thankful for the advance warning, some residents of New Orleans, Louisiana were less satisfied．A day before Georges made landfall, forecasters were predicting that the hurricane had a good chance of striking New Orleans．Because much of New Orleans lies below sea level, the city is at risk for flooding．Emergency management officials must begin evacuations（疏散）well before a storm strikes．But evacuation costs money: businesses close, tourists leave, and citizens take precautionary measures．The mayor of New Orleans estimated that his city' s preparations for Georges cost more than 50 million．After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs．
The different views on the early warnings for Hurricane Georges show some of the complexities related to predicting disasters．Disaster prediction is a process of providing scientific information to the government officials and other decision makers who must respond to those predictions．
小題1:What is the purpose of disaster prediction according to the passage?
A．To identify the cause of disasters．
B．To save people' s lives and property．
C．To prevent natural disasters from happening,
D．To apply advanced technology to disaster prediction．
小題2:Which of the following areas suffered the most severe damage?
A．Puerto Rico．B．New Orleans．
C．Biloxi, Mississippi．D．Galveston, Texas．
小題3:The city residents of New Orleans were unsatisfied because __  _ .
A．the forecast hurricane did not hit the city
B．the hurricane warning arrived rather late
C．their preparations were made in vain
D．they suffered from a heavy hurricane attack
小題4:What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The different ways of disaster prediction．
B．Technological advances in disaster prediction．
C．The importance and uncertainty of disaster prediction．
D．The benefits and preparations of disaster prediction．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

“People should have one meat-free day a week if they want to make a personal and effective sacrifice that would help deal with climate change,” the world’s leading authority on global warming has told The Observer.
Dr Rajendra Pachauri, chair of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, said that people should then go on to reduce their meat consumption even further.
Pachauri, who was re-elected the panel’s chairman for a second six-year term last week, said diet change was important because of the huge greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and other environmental problems associated with raising cattle and other animals. “It was relatively easy to change eating habits compared to changing means of transport,” he said.
The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation has estimated that meat production accounts for nearly a fifth of global greenhouse gas emissions. These are produced during the production. For example, ruminants (反芻動(dòng)物), particularly cows, give off a gas called methane, which is 23 times more effective as a global warming agent than CO2.
Pachauri can expect some opposite responses from the food industry to his advice, though last night he was given unexpected support by Masterchef presenter and restaurateur John Torode. “I have a little bit and enjoy it,” said Torode. “Too much for any person is bad. But there’s a bigger issue here: where the meat comes from. If we all bought British and stopped buying imported food, we’d save a huge amount of carbon emissions.”
Professor Robert Watson, the chief scientific adviser for the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, said government could help educate people about the benefits of eating less meat, but it should not regulate. “Eating less meat would help, there’s no question about that,” Watson said.
However, Chris Lamb, head of marketing for pig industry group BPEX, said the meat industry had been unfairly targeted and was working hard to find out which activities had the biggest environmental impact and reduce them. “Some ideas were contradictory,” he said. “For example, one solution to emissions from cattle and other animals was to keep them indoors, but this would damage animal welfare. Climate change is a very young science and our view is there are a lot of simple solutions being proposed.”
小題1:What is directly related to global warming?
A．Consumption of meat. B．Growth of cattle.
C．Methane from ruminants. D．Processing of meat.
小題2:Who holds a view opposite to the others’ in the passage?
A．Rajendra Pachauri.B．John Torode. C．Robert Watson. D．Chris Lamb.
小題3:It is implied in the passage that _____.
A．we should try to keep away from cattleB．ruminants should not be left outdoors
C．the meat industry will soon close downD．we must do our duty to save the earth
小題4: Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．Less meat, slower global warming
B．More animals, more greenhouse gas
C．Less imported food, better our environment
D．Greater diet change, smaller climate change

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