The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like "I never do anything right" into positive ones like "I can succeed." But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."
Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治療) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (靜思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking

  1. 1.

    What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?

    1. A.
      It is a highly profitable industry
    2. B.
      It is based on the concept of positive thinking
    3. C.
      It was established by Norman Vincent Peale
    4. D.
      It has yielded positive results
  2. 2.

    What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?

    1. A.
      Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good
    2. B.
      There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems
    3. C.
      Unhappy people cannot think positively
    4. D.
      The power of positive thinking is limited
  3. 3.

    What does the author mean by "… you’re just underlining his faults" (Line 4, Para. 3)?

    1. A.
      You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough
    2. B.
      You are pointing out the errors he has committed
    3. C.
      You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent
    4. D.
      You are trying to make him feel better about his faults
  4. 4.

    What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?

    1. A.
      It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem
    2. B.
      Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one’s mood
    3. C.
      Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem
    4. D.
      People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings.
      Section
    5. E.
      Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading that you do not need.
BACC
1.首段第一句“The $ 11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.”屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選項(xiàng)中的based on與文中的built on同義。
2.第二段：“Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have opposite effect;”之后，作者在下一段又再次強(qiáng)調(diào)了這一觀(guān)點(diǎn)“older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse , not better.” cause of a tragedy與選項(xiàng)中的cause of the crash一致。抓住關(guān)鍵詞“opposite effect; feel worse , not better”，答案即可一目了然。
3.本題關(guān)鍵是正確理解文章中兩個(gè)單詞“underline(加強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào))”與“dim(遲鈍的，愚笨的)”。選項(xiàng)B中的point out是“指出”之意，與文章中的underlining意思不符。
4.第五段Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts。抓住關(guān)鍵詞“didn’t feel better; darker”。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Research shows that much of our predisposition （傾向） towards determination, sociability and self - control and sense of purpose is in our genes．In fact, our DNA plays a bigger role in influencing these traits （ characteristics）than our upbringing （兒童期的教養(yǎng)）and the company we keep．Taken together, these aspects of personality can make the difference between success and failure, say the Edinburgh University researchers．        
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The results, published in the Journal of Personality, showed that genes play a much bigger role than lifestyle, with self-control particularly etched （銘刻） into our DNA．                   
Our genes a222so largely determine how determined and persistent we are．This is important in terms of success, as someone who refuses to give up is more likely to achieve their dreams than someone who throws in the towel at the first hiccough．
Researcher Professor Timothy Bates said, "Ever since the ancient Greeks, people Lave de hated the nature of a good life and the nature of a virtuous life．Why do some people seem to manage their lives, have good relationships and cooperate to achieve their goals while others do not? Previously,  the role of family and the environment around the home often controlled people' s ideas about what affected psychological well-being．However, this work emphasizes a much more powerful influence from genetics．"
However, those who haven' t been dealt a helpful hand of genes shouldn' t he too depressed．The professor says a sense of purpose is the key and advises those who are eager for success to focus their thoughts on making a difference．

  1. 1.

    What does the result of the research indicate?

    1. A.
      Our DNA is the only factor to decide our traits．
    2. B.
      Our DNA plays a decisive role, in achieving success．
    3. C.
      Education plays little part in the formation of our character．
    4. D.
      Society has Little effect on us in our personality．
  2. 2.

    The underlined part in Paragraph 4 refers to someone who______.

    1. A.
      is born successful
    2. B.
      determines to make a difference
    3. C.
      makes great effort
    4. D.
      admits defeat easily
  3. 3.

    Timothy Bates mentions the ancient Creeks in order to indicate that______.

    1. A.
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    2. B.
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    3. C.
      in ancient Greece the role of family and the environment was ignored
    4. D.
      the relationship between personality and success has always been people's concern
  4. 4.

    According to the passage, the key personality trait is______.

    1. A.
      determination
    2. B.
      kindness
    3. C.
      politeness
    4. D.
      sociability
  5. 5.

    What is the best title for the passage?

    1. A.
      How do people work hard?
    2. B.
      Why can some people succeed?
    3. C.
      DNA determines success or failure
    4. D.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

If you are afraid of the dark，it’s not a big deal．It’s perfectly normal to feel afraid After all，animals do too. “Fear matters，”says Karen Warkentin，an ecologist．“It’s a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”
Like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways．A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell．A  small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches．
Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect．The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying red—eyed tree frogs in Costa Rica.
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Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching．If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.
If hatching early helps protect red—eyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs don’t always hatch sooner．It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger．Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them too．Staying in their eggs for a full 6 days，then，allows frog embryos（胚胎）to grow big and strong．This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water．

  1. 1.

    It can be inferred from the passage that fears      

    1. A.
      help animals grow bigger and stronger
    2. B.
      are less common among young animals
    3. C.
      help animals move a lot to fit the environment
    4. D.
      are more or less important in order for animals to survive
  2. 2.

    We are told in the passage that tree frogs        .

    1. A.
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    2. B.
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    3. C.
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    4. D.
      stay in their eggs longer if they are frightened
  3. 3.

    Why do the tadpoles hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule？Because

    1. A.
      They like falling into the water early
    2. B.
      They want to grow into adult frog
    3. C.
      They sense a hungry snake is about to attack
    4. D.
      Frog embryos can grow strong
  4. 4.

    What is the best title of the passage ？

    1. A.
      What is Fear
    2. B.
      Why do we feel afraid
    3. C.
      You feel afraid，animals do too
    4. D.
      Fear is a good thing
  5. 5.

    What do you think would be discussed in the following paragraph?

    1. A.
      Further explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of schedule．
    2. B.
      How the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them．
    3. C.
      Another example of animals that responds to fear in an unexpected way．
    4. D.
      How tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

When other nine-year–old kids were playing games , she was working at a petrol station．When other teens were studying or going out , she struggled to find a place to sleep on the street．But she overcame these terrible setbacks to win a highly competitive scholar and gain entry to Harvard University．
Her amazing story has inspired a move , “ Homeless to Harvard : The Liz Murray Story ”, shown in late April．
Liz Murray , a year- old American girl , has been writing a real-life story of willpower and determination．
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Her mother had AIDS and died when Liz was just 15 years old．The effect of that loss became a turning point in her life．Connecting the environment in which she had grown up with how her mother had died , she decided to do something about it．
Liz went back to school．She threw herself into her studies , never telling her teachers that she was homeless．At night , she lived on the streets．
“ What drove me to survive had to do with understanding , by understanding that there was a whole other way of being．I had only experienced a small part of the society , ” she wrote in her book “ Breaking Night ”．
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She finished high school in just two years and won a full scholarship to study at Harvard University．But Liz decided to leave her top university for a couple of moths earlier this year in order to take care of her father , who has also developed AIDS．“ I love my parents so much．They are drug addicts．But I never forget that they love me all the time．”
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  1. 1.

    In which order did the following thing happen to Liz ?
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    c．Got admitted into Harvard           d．had trouble finding a place to sleep

    1. A.
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    2. B.
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    3. C.
      d-b –a –c
    4. D.
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  2. 2.

    What decision did Liz make that changed her life ?

    1. A.
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    2. B.
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    3. C.
      To survive
    4. D.
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    What actually drove her on towards her goal ?

    1. A.
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    2. B.
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    3. C.
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    4. D.
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    When she wrote “ I had only experienced a small part of the society ”, she _____

    1. A.
      wanted to encourage herself
    2. B.
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    3. C.
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Last night I drove a long way (about 500 km) to return home. It was late and I was driving fast because I wanted to get home as soon as possible. So several times when I was driving behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road, I wanted to shout at the driver ahead.
Then I came to a crossroad with a traffic light. As I drove near, it turned red. I stopped my car at once. I looked left，right and behind. I found no cars or persons — I was alone on the road. The person who would come to the crossroad was at least a mile away in any direction. Certainly going through the light would cause no danger. I could pass the traffic light. But strangely enough, I just stopped there, waiting for several minutes until the light went green. I asked myself why I refused to run the light. Surely it was unnecessary for me to be afraid of danger or being fined (罰款), because there were no cars or police around at all. But I remained waiting until the light changed.
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  1. 1.

    When the author drove behind the slow-moving truck, he felt ____

    1. A.
      confused but happy
    2. B.
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    3. C.
      excited but tired
    4. D.
      angry and worried
  2. 2.

    Who made the author stopped at the crossroad?

    1. A.
      A policeman
    2. B.
      The author’s wife
    3. C.
      The author himself
    4. D.
      Another driver
  3. 3.

    The author waited until the light went green because ____

    1. A.
      running the light would make him fined
    2. B.
      he was afraid to cause an accident
    3. C.
      he was prevented by the passers-by
    4. D.
      he was used to obeying traffic rules
  4. 4.

    The author is a person who ____

    1. A.
      believes others easily
    2. B.
      can control himself well
    3. C.
      treats others very unfriendly
    4. D.
      is very experienced in driving
  5. 5.

    We can infer from the passage that ____

    1. A.
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    2. B.
      the author’s wife was angry because he got home late
    3. C.
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    4. D.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

WASHINGTON—Laura Straub is a very worried woman. Her job is to find families for French teenagers who expect to live with American families in the summer.
It is not easy, even hopeless.
“We have many children left to place—40 out of 75,” said Straub, who works for a Paris-based foreigner-exchange program started 50 years ago. Family life was more than accommodating (提供膳宿). For one thing, more mothers stayed at home. But now, increasing numbers of women work outside the home. Exchange-student programs have struggled in recent years to sign up host (主人) families for the 30 000 teenagers who every year come from abroad to spend a school year in the United States, as well as the thousands more who take part in summer programs.
School systems in many parts of the U.S., unhappy about accepting non-taxpaying students, have also strictly limited the number of exchange students they accepted. At the same time, the idea of hosting foreign students is becoming less exotic.
In search for host families, who usually receive no pay, exchange programs are increasingly broadening their requests to include everyone from young couples to retirees.
“We are open to many different types of families,” said Vickie Weiner, eastern area director for ASSE, a 25-year-old program that sends about 30 000 teenagers on school-year exchange programs worldwide.
For elderly people, exchange students “keep us young—they really do”, said Jen Foster, who is hosting 16-year-old Nina Post from Denmark

  1. 1.

    The underlined word “exotic” means _________

    1. A.
      difficult
    2. B.
      wonderful
    3. C.
      exciting
    4. D.
      accommodating
  2. 2.

    According to the text, why was it easier for Laura Straub to find American families for foreign students?

    1. A.
      More mothers wasn’t working outside and was able to afford to look after children
    2. B.
      American school systems were better than now
    3. C.
      Foreign students paid hosting families a lot of money
    4. D.
      The government was happy because it could gain tax
  3. 3.

    Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

    1. A.
      All the families can host foreign students
    2. B.
      Only young couples can host foreign students
    3. C.
      Only those who were retired can host foreign students
    4. D.
      Exchange programs are open to many different types of families including everyone from young couples to retirees
  4. 4.

    Which of the following is the best title of this passage?

    1. A.
      U.S. Struggle to Find host Families
    2. B.
      Idea of Hosting Students is Different
    3. C.
      Foreign-exchange Program Is Going on
    4. D.
      Exchange Students Keep Old People Young

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Believing overweight among school children is the result of bake sales, the Education Department of New York declared that bake sales will be banned all through the states, as a part of their new “wellness”policy.
The ban gives a harder time to schools tying to earn money，because of budget difficulties. Bake sales have proven to be highly profitable toward schools with young people because the start-up costs are very small. Allie，a Roslyn High School freshman , agrees that bake sales are needed for school supplies.“l(fā) think it’s wrong for schools to ban bake sales because a lot of schools need the money to be raised. Our school could really use the money for new uniforms.”Allie also commented on the bake sales apparent cause of child overweight. “I feel that it is the student’s choice to eat the baked goods. lf they want it, let them have it．”Jessica，another Roslyn High School freshman, had a different opinion.“I feel that children can not always stay away from items such as cupcakes. It might be better if the amount of bake sales were limited, and only allowed students to buy one item.”
New York Education advisors are having trouble coming up with substitute product for students to sell. A plan of advertising healthier foods has come into play. However the department needs to consider if students will go for items like vegetables. Allie and Jessica don’t think so.“Students might not like the healthier foods. This way, the schools are gaining less money.”Allie shares. Another plan to think about is the idea of not selling food products altogether. Alternate programs are being conducted throughout New York schools，such as walk-a-thons, as a healthy way for students to earn money for their schools．

  1. 1.

    The new “wellness”policy is declared in order to_______．

    1. A.
      help schools out of budget difficulties
    2. B.
      reduce child overweight caused by bake food
    3. C.
      help students save money spent on food
    4. D.
      reduce the price of bake food sold in schools
  2. 2.

    Which of the following statement about Allie is true?

    1. A.
      He is rich in experience about the bake sales at schoo1
    2. B.
      He agrees to carry out the bake sales ban at schools
    3. C.
      He attaches great importance to the school's income
    4. D.
      He attaches too much importance to students' health
  3. 3.

    According to Jessica, the cupcakes____________

    1. A.
      Don't belong to the bake sales
    2. B.
      Should't be banned at school
    3. C.
      Mustn't be sold at schools
    4. D.
      can be fully replaced by vegetables
  4. 4.

    Which is both healthy and profitable way for schools to earn money?

    1. A.
      The bake sales
    2. B.
      The vegetables sales
    3. C.
      The walk-a-thons
    4. D.
      The food product sales．
  5. 5.

    We can infer from the passage that schools in New York always______

    1. A.
      sell baked food to students
    2. B.
      free students to choose food
    3. C.
      find ways to earn money
    4. D.
      offer chances to earn money

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Looking for some inspiration or the “write” kind of ideas for your creative stories? To start with, some writers describe winter by using their five senses or their imagination. Others write on their favorite winter activity. Whatever you choose to write about, working on a winter story can always help to improve your writing skills. Now read the following story and see if it helps get rid of any icy writing block you’ ve been struggling with.
A Winter Adventure 
Beep, beep. Beep-beep: the alarm clock rang. Slowly, I got out of warm bed down onto the wooden floor which the winter had thrown its cold upon. The bitter cold temperature penetrated   （穿透）my socks and I hurried to put my feet in shoes.
Looking out of the window, I watched the white snow, soft and thick, drop onto rooftops and trees. Half an hour later, finishing the last of my hot chocolate, I prepared to enter the adventure that waited for me outside. I buttoned my jacket and fastened my boots. Hat on, I opened the door and was greeted by the winter coldness.
In the depths of winter, the early morning did not have the rush of the rest of the year. Most of my neighbours were put off by the cold, and stayed in bed until the sun had climbed higher into the sky.
Unseen by those who remained locked inside their homes, warm in their beds, I enjoyed being alone with the beauty of the wintertime. Those indoors were unable to appreciate the snow-scapes, ice crystals, frost and the crisp（清新的）breeze. For them, the coming of winter meant just the arrival of the cold.
Appreciation depends on contrasts. One cannot love the warmth of April if one has not known the freezing cold of winter. Later that year, the heat of the sun on my skin would be all the more wonderful for my memories of that cold morning and others like it

  1. 1.

    The underlined word “adventure” refers to____________

    1. A.
      getting out of bed on the cold winter morning
    2. B.
      enjoying the loveliness of the winter outdoors
    3. C.
      going skiing on the cold winter morning
    4. D.
      throwing snowballs with friends
  2. 2.

    According to the story A Winter Adventure, most of the neighbours _________

    1. A.
      didn’t work in winter
    2. B.
      stayed up late in winter
    3. C.
      missed the beauty of winter
    4. D.
      enjoyed the seasons except winter
  3. 3.

    Which of these statements is true according to the story A Winter Adventure?

    1. A.
      Of all the seasons, the writer loves winter most
    2. B.
      The writer regrets that he went out on the freezing cold winter morning
    3. C.
      The writer believes contrast makes our experiences of the seasons lovelier
    4. D.
      The writer values the autumn and summer more than the winter
  4. 4.

    What function does the story A Winter Adventure serve?

    1. A.
      To share some winter thoughts with readers
    2. B.
      To show readers how to work on a winter story
    3. C.
      To inspire readers to take more exercise in winter
    4. D.
      To tell readers how to appreciate the beauty of winter

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).
The MBA, a 20th century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.
But even with the recession(經(jīng)濟(jì)萎縮) apparently cutting down the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960.
“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to get an MBA?’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.”
The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.
The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don’t understand politics and people, and they aren’t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they’re out looking for other jobs.”
The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光環(huán)) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.
Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees of ten know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don’t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business”, said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm

  1. 1.

    According to paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses ruled by purer disciplines?

    1. A.
      Envious(嫉妒的)
    2. B.
      Realistic
    3. C.
      Scornful(蔑視的)
    4. D.
      Appreciative
  2. 2.

    It seems that the argument over the value of MBA degrees had been fueled mainly by______.

    1. A.
      the complaints from various employers
    2. B.
      the success of many non-MBAs
    3. C.
      the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplines
    4. D.
      the poor performance of MBAs at work
  3. 3.

    What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to the Harvard Business Review?

    1. A.
      They are usually self-centered
    2. B.
      They are aggressive and greedy
    3. C.
      They keep complaining about their jobs
    4. D.
      They are not good at dealing with people
  4. 4.

    From the passage we know that most MBAs______.

    1. A.
      can climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly
    2. B.
      quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmates
    3. C.
      receive salaries that do not match their professional training
    4. D.
      cherish unrealistic expectations about their future
  5. 5.

    What is the passage mainly about?

    1. A.
      Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs
    2. B.
      The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools
    3. C.
      Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree
    4. D.
      A debate held recently on university campuses

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