When scientists accidentally killed what turned out to be the world’s oldest living creature, it was bad enough. Now, their mistake has been worsened after further research found it was even older – at 507 years.
The ocean quahog, a type of deep-sea clam, was dredged (捕撈) alive from the bottom of the North Atlantic near Iceland in 2006 by researchers. They then put it in a fridge-freezer, as is normal practice, unaware of its age. It was only when it was taken to a laboratory that scientists from Bangor University studied it and concluded it was 400 years old.
The discovery made it into the Guinness Book of World Records. However, by this time, it was too late for Ming the Mollusc(軟體動物), named after the Chinese dynasty when its life began. Unfortunately researchers who calculated Ming’s age killed it instantly by opening its shell.
The researchers opened the ancient clam up to judge its age by counting growth rings inside. But the rings were so close together that scientists ended up having to count the rings on the outside to be accurate, leading CBS journalists to point out that if scientists had just started there, Ming could have lived on. Now, after examining the quahog more closely, using more advanced methods, the researchers have found the animal was actually 100 years older than they first thought.
Dr Paul Butler, from the University’s School of Ocean Sciences, said: “We got it wrong the first time and maybe we were a bit hasty publishing our findings back then. But we are absolutely certain that we’ve got the right age now.” The mollusc was born in 1499 – just seven years after Columbus discovered America and before Henry VIII had even married his first wife, Catherine of Aragon in 1509.
A quahog’s shell grows by a layer every year, in the summer when the water is warmer and food is plentiful. It means that when its shell is cut in half, scientists can count the lines in a similar way that trees can be dated by rings in their trunks.
Jan Heinemeier, associate professor at the University of Denmark, who helped date Ming, told Science Nordic: “The fact that we got our hands on a 507-year-old animal is incredibly fascinating, but the really exciting thing is of course everything we can learn from studying the mollusk.”
【小題1】At first, the scientists found that _____________.
| A．The ocean quahog got a deadly disease |
| B．The growth rings inside were so close together |
| C．it was accurate to count the growth rings outside |
| D．The ocean quahog was 400 years old |
| A．To count the growth rings outside of the clam. |
| B．To study how old the clam was. |
| C．To see the structure of it. |
| D．To give an immediate operation on it. |
| A．How to calculate the age of a tree |
| B．Why a quahog’s shell grows by a layer each year |
| C．How to calculate the age of a quahog |
| D．Why a quahog likes it when the water is warmer |
| A．The researchers have got the right age of the ocean quahog. |
| B．The mollusc was born after Columbus discovered America. |
| C．The ocean quahog was named after the Chinese dynasty. |
| D．A quahog’s shell grows by a layer every season. |
| A．A magazine of marine life. | B．A travel brochure. |
| C．A biography. | D．A science fiction. |
【小題1】D
【小題2】B
【小題3】C
【小題4】D
【小題5】A
解析試題分析：這篇文章講的是科學家無意中殺死了北大西洋捕撈上來的一只最古老的圓蛤，這讓他們很沮喪，而且文章也介紹了計算圓蛤的年齡的方法。
【小題1】細節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：It was only when it was taken to a laboratory that scientists from Bangor University studied it and concluded it was 400 years old.可知一開始科學家認為這個海洋的圓蛤是400歲，選D。
【小題2】細節(jié)題：從第四段的句子：The researchers opened the ancient clam up to judge its age by counting growth rings inside. 可知科學家打開蛤是為了研究這個蛤有多大了，選B。
【小題3】段落大意題：從第六段的句子：It means that when its shell is cut in half, scientists can count the lines in a similar way that trees can be dated by rings in their trunks.可知這段講的是怎樣計算圓蛤的年齡，選C。
【小題4】細節(jié)題：從第六段的句子：A quahog’s shell grows by a layer every year, in the summer when the water is warmer and food is plentiful. 可知圓蛤的貝殼每年都會增加一層，而不是每個季節(jié)，選D。
【小題5】文章出處題：這篇文章講的是科學家無意中殺死了北大西洋捕撈上來的一只最古老的圓蛤，這讓他們很沮喪，而且文章也介紹了計算圓蛤的年齡的方法，說明這篇文章是關于海洋生物的，選A。
考點：考查新聞報道類短文
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
It is important that you make a good impression at work. If you make a good impression on your boss, he or she is more likely to give you more responsibilities which can lead to promotions (晉級) and raises. Here are some ways to make a good impression at work.
Use Proper Office Etiquette (禮儀)
Using proper manners will help you make a good impression on your boss and also your co-workers. Office etiquette includes everything from the proper way to e-mails to knowing when, where, and how to use your cell phone at work.
Face up to Your Mistakes
When you make a mistake at work, which everyone inevitably (不可避免地) does at some points, face up to it. Don’t ignore your error or place the blame on others. Take responsibility and come up with a solution to fix your mistake. Your boss may not be too happy about it, but she will at least be impressed with your response.
Know to Call in Sick
Do you think coming to work when you are sick instead of staying at home will impress your boss? Reasonable bosses know that a sick employee not only is unproductive but also he or she can spread an illness around the office. Call in sick(打電話請病假) when you are ill.
Come Through in a Crisis
When the unexpected happens at work, who will make a better impression on the boss? Of course it’s the employee who deals with the crisis quickly and effectively.
【小題1】What would be the best title for the passage?
| A．How to Use Good Etiquette |
| B．How to Deal with Mistakes at Work |
| C．How to Be a Good Worker in the Future |
| D．How to Make a Good Impression at Work |
| A．Try to ignore the mistake. |
| B．Put the blame on others. |
| C．Think out a solution to your mistake. |
| D．Leave the company as soon as possible. |
| A．go to work on time as usual |
| B．stay at home without telling others |
| C．go on working but stay away from others |
| D．stop working and ask for a leave |
| A．Employees who deal with the crisis quickly and effectively. |
| B．Employees who often make mistakes. |
| C．Employees who go to work though they are ill. |
| D．Employees who often use their cell phones at work. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
More and more birds are flying to settle at Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of local governments. Covering an area of over 4,000 square kilometers, Qinghai Lake is also the country’s biggest salt-water lake.
Located in Northwest China’s Qinghai Province, the lake is famous for the two islands at its northwest point--Cormorant Island and Egg Island.
The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various schools of fish, offering rich food sources for birds. The islands have become a paradise for different kinds of groups of birds and have been called ‘Bird Islands’.
Each March and April, when ice and snow covering the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau starts to melt, over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggs.
During the months, flocks of birds cover the whole sky over the islands and birds eggs can be found everywhere. Visitors can hear the singing of birds from miles away. These have become a world famous symbol of the lake.
To protect this paradise for birds and support calls for ecological protection, China set up the Qinghai Lake Natural Protection Zone at the end of 1997. Meanwhile, the State has pointed out the Bird Islands and Spring Bay of the Qinghai Lake as central protection zones.
Inspection officials and management employees often patrol the lake, improving local residents’ knowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about animal protection to visitors. They are making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birds.
At the same time, they have built special fences around the island area, to prevent wolves, foxes and other carnivorous animals, as well as illegal hunters from breaking up the birds’ nest-building, egg-laying and breeding. As a result, more and more birds are coming to the islands for sheltering and breeding.
【小題1】Why are more and more birds coming to the biggest salt-water lake in the Great Northwest?
| A．Because it is getting warmer and warmer. |
| B．Because it is being reformed |
| C．Because environments there are getting more and more agreeable for them to live in. |
| D．Because the people there are becoming richer and richer |
| A．floating fish and various grasses |
| B．grass moving on the water surface and different kinds of fish |
| C．salt water and plenty of grains |
| D．corn from the local farmers |
| A．The ice and snow covering the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau doesn’t change into water, unless more than 20 kinds of birds come to the Bird Islands |
| B．Flocks of birds fly up to the whole sky over islands to lay eggs |
| C．Visitors can listen to the singing of birds from miles away, but they couldn’t see any of the birds |
| D．“The ice on the Plateau begins to change into water” means spring is coming |
| A．let the farmers there know the animal protection law |
| B．tell the farmers there some knowledge about animal protection. |
| C．call on people to love and protect the birds |
| D．all of the above |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
MONTAGNE: In the summer of 2011, the world first heard of a small island in Norway under the most terrible of circumstances. Utoya Island was a youth camp run by Norway's Labor Party. One day in July, a heavily armed, right-wing extremist stepped onto the island and began shooting at random. Sixty-nine people died, over 100 were wounded; almost all, young people. This month, artist Jonas Dahlberg was appointed to create a memorial. He described to us the experience he imagines for those who come to the island.
DAHLBERG: You start your walk through a forest of evergreens on a wooden pathway. After a while, this pathway starts to go down into the landscape.
MONTAGNE: Down into the landscape, and into a short tunnel. When you come out, you are unable to go any farther. You can't get to the tip of the island because it has been cut off. So all you can do is look across a narrow channel of water at what is now a wall of polished stone, carved with the names of the dead.
DAHLBERG: It becomes almost like a gravestone. You cannot reach it. It's close enough to be able to read, but it's forever lost for your possibility to reach.
MONTAGNE: It's being called a memory wound. Exactly what do you mean by that?
DAHLBERG: During my first site visit, the experience of seeing those gunshots—and you can see it was like being in an open wound. And it took me to a stage of deep sadness where it was hard to breathe. So I didn't want to illustrate loss; I wanted to make actual loss. It's just a cut through the island.
MONTAGNE: On the day of the massacre, just hours before launching his shooting on the island, the killer set off a bomb in downtown Oslo, leaving eight people dead. As those events were unfolding, artist Jonas Dahlberg had been out with his brother, and stopped in at a seaside village.
DAHLBERG: In the harbor, it was silent, and this is the higher end of summer. So, it's normally a very lively place. And it was total silence there; and it was a very, very strange feeling in the whole small village. And it's totally impossible to grasp what is going on. And then it just kept on. It's still almost impossible to understand it. It's also one of the reasons why it's so important with memorials for these kind of things. It's to maybe help a little bit to understand what was happening. So it's not just about remembering. It's also about trying to just understand.
MONTAGNE: Artist Jonas Dahlberg designed the memorial for the 69 who died at a youth camp on Utoya Island. The attack was the deadliest in Norway since World War II. That memorial will open in 2015. And to see a virtual version of what it will look like, go to our website, at npr.org. This is Renee Montagne at NPR news.
【小題1】Which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．Utoya Island was the only bloody shooting spot planned by the killer. |
| B．Utoya Island used to be a youth camp site and now has been reduced to total silence. |
| C．Dahlberg and his brother witnessed the shooting on Utoya Island. |
| D．Visitors to Utoya Island can touch the names of the victims carved on the polished stone. |
| A．the artist plans to slice through the end of an island to make actual loss |
| B．memorials are supposed to be not only about remembering but helping people to understand what was happening |
| C．this memorial shows the gunshots vividly to the visitors for them to understand what was happening |
| D．the space between is meant to symbolize how those who were killed are gone but are not forgotten |
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
A father with Parkinson's disease was arrested as he watched the Olympic cycling road race because he failed to smile or look as if he was enjoying himself.
Mark Worsfold, a martial arts trainer and former soldier, claims that he was thrown to the floor and handcuffed just as cyclists passed by. His worried wife Nicola only found out he was being held after she reported him missing when he did not turn up for their daughter's ninth birthday party. The 54yearold man had his fingerprints, DNA and mugshot taken before being questioned about why he did not appear to be enjoying the event on July 28. Police said Mr. Worsfold, who was held for over five hours, was arrested because of his manner，his state of dress and his being too near to the course. A spokesman added that the arrest was necessary to avoid a breach(破壞) of the peace because he was standing near a group of protesters(抗議者)．
But Mr. Worsfold, who was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 2010, said that one of the symptoms of the disease is muscle rigidity, which can cause his face to become expressionless. “I was sitting minding my own business”， he told a local newspaper. “Before I knew anything the police grabbed me off this sevenfoot wall, threw me to the floor and handcuffed me, so all I saw of the cycle race was between the feet of people from the pavement. It could have been done better. I was arrested for not smiling. I have Parkinson's disease.”
Mr. Worsfold has since asked for a letter of not being guilty from police. The officers who made the arrest have apologized to him.
【小題1】Which word can be used to replace the underlined word “mugshot” in the second paragraph?
| A．Clothes. | B．Photos. | C．Measures. | D．Tools. |
| A．Worsfold's wife was immediately informed of his being arrested by the police. |
| B．Worsfold was arrested because he was extremely dangerous. |
| C．Worsfold enjoyed the cycle race though he saw it between the feet of people from the pavement. |
| D．Worsfold was arrested because of his clothes as well as his facial expression. |
| A．The officers must have been punished for Worsfold's arrest. |
| B．Worsfold has an expressionless face and probably looks strong. |
| C．The officers apologized to Worsfold after one day's arrest. |
| D．Worsfold was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease four years ago. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Mainland couples who give birth to a second child in Hong Kong will be fined for breaking the family planning policy，a senior official has warned．
As more women flock to Hong Kong to give birth to their second child，Zhang Feng，family planning department director of Guangdong Province，stressed that this violated China's policies．“And those who are government employees will even be dismissed from their posts．”he said．
“ It doesn’t matter if they give birth to their second child on the mainland or in other countries and regions, they have violated the country’s policies and the province’s regulations”.
He said that some families had been punished in the past few months after having a second child in Hong Kong, but gave no details.
Zhang made his remarks when a Hong Kong newspaper carried a controversial ( 有爭議的 ) notice claiming residents’ medical services had been affected by the growing number of mainland women who arrive in the city to give birth and gain fight of abode ( 居住) there.
According to statistics revealed by Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government，about 88，000 babies were born in Hong Kong in 2010，but more than 41，000 or 47 percent，were to mainland couples，including a large number from Guangdong．
Hong Kong has limited the number of mainland women permitted to give birth in the city at 34，000 this year．
The issue also has caused calls for an amendment（修正）to Hong Kong's Basic Law so that babies born to mainland women are no longer granted permanent fight of abode．
“I support Hong Kong government's decision to reduce or limit the number for mainland women giving birth in Hong Kong．”Zhang said．
China introduced its family planning policy in 1979 to limit births in the world's most populous nation，although the rules have been relaxed in recent years．
【小題1】Which of the following is true?
| A．Those who give birth to a second child in Hong Kong will be fined． |
| B．Many government employees have been dismissed from their posts． |
| C．Zhang Feng is family planning department director of Guangdong Province． |
| D．It doesn't matter if they give birth to their second child on the mainland． |
| A．went against | B．was obeyed | C．was for | D．was dismissed |
| A．few families had been punished after having a second child in China |
| B．about 88，000 babies were born in Hong Kong in 2010 |
| C．the residents' medical services in Hong Kong had been affected |
| D．he agreed to reduce or limit the number for mainland women giving birth in Hong Kong |
| A．in 2010 most of the babies born in Hong Kong belonged to mainland couples |
| B．the number of mainland women permitted to give birth in Hong Kong has been reduced |
| C．babies born to mainland women in Hong Kong can't get permanent right of abode now |
| D．the family planning policy in China is as strict as before |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.
Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce ,or possibly erase(抹去),the effect of painful memories.
In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.
The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, While others support it.
Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.
"Some memories can ruin people's lives . They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions," said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve a lot of that suffering."
But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity (特質). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.
"All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to wipe those memories out, "said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.
【小題1】The passage is mainly about .
| A．a new medical invention |
| B．a new research on the pill |
| C．a way of erasing painful memories |
| D．an argument about the research on the pill |
| A．cause the brain to fix memories |
| B．stop people remembering bad experiences |
| C．prevent body producing certain chemicals |
| D．Wipe out the emotional effects of memories |
| A．people doubt the effects of the pills |
| B．the pill will stop people's bad experiences |
| C．taking the pill will do harm to people's health |
| D．the pill has probably been produced in America |
| A．Some memories can ruin people's lives. |
| B．People want to get rid of bad memories. |
| C．Experiencing bad events makes us different from others. |
| D．The pill will reduce people's sufferings from bad memories. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Unemployment in Europe has recently hit record highs. Although Denmark has been protected from economic problems thanks to its low public debt, qualified (有資格的) professionals are still finding it tough to get a job. Danish marketing firm Reputation Copenhagen has come up with a way of helping academics get noticed -- putting them on display (展示) in storefront windows.
Many highly-trained professionals, ranging from former CEOs to lawyers and tax experts, are currently finding it increasingly difficult to find proper employment on the Danish job market. Some of them have been trying for years, leaving their resumes (簡歷) with dozens of companies, without ever hearing back from them, and are now at a point where they are willing to try anything, even putting themselves in display windows like goods, hoping to get noticed.
Alexander Peitersen, managing director of Reputation Copenhagen, came up with the idea of using his company's office as a storefront for the campaign (活動), as there are many businesses nearby that might be interested in the talents on display. So he set up a small desk, put up the “an available academic is sitting here” sign and asked the unemployed to just sit in the windows like goods. It seems like a pretty desperate measure, but at least it works. According to the agency's website, three of the jobseekers in their window display got a job in a day or two.
Peitersen says he came up with the idea after realizing human resource managers get hundreds of job applications every day, which look more or less the same, and that creative thinking is required in order to increase the chances of finding employment. Apart from companies interested in qualified job-seekers, the campaign has also attracted the attention of both local and international media.
【小題1】Which of the following words can be used to describe Peitersen?
| A．Independent. | B．Creative. | C．Sensitive. | D．Cautious. |
| A．they think it is fashionable |
| B．their parents ask them to |
| C．it’s increasingly difficult to get hired |
| D．they find it’s interesting |
| A．no companies show interest in the qualified job-seekers in the windows |
| B．both local and international media don't agree with the campaign |
| C．human resource managers have to reply to hundreds of applicants |
| D．to some degree the window displays help people find jobs |
| A．Job-seekers are displayed in the windows hoping to get hired. |
| B．The rate of unemployment in Europe has recently become hitter. |
| C．It is hard for qualified professionals to get a job. |
| D．Denmark has avoided economic problems due to its low public debt. |
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