1.Water runs downhill from mountaintops to streams to rivers to oceans.But downhill running isn't the only way that water moves.A new study measures how water travels from country to country for human consumption.This flow isn't the type we usually think about.These scientists looked at the water used to grow and make the products which get shipped from nation to nation as imports or exports.They call this a flow of"virtual water".
We typically think of water as the liquid that flows from a tap.However,nearly all---92percent---of the water used by people goes into growing crops,according to water researcher Arjen Hoekstra at the university to Twente in the Netherlands.He and his team recently studied the hidden travels of virtual water used in products made from things like crops and meats.These products are shipped around the world.
Virtue water is immense.For example,consider a sugary soft drink.Hoekstra and his team estimated that to produce one half-liter of the drink requires between 170and 310liters of water.Only a tiny amount of that-about 1percent-is the water actually used in the soda.The vast majority of the water-about 95%-is used to grow and process the ingredients(原料).Another 4percent goes into the packaging and labeling,said the scientists.In Hoekstra's calculation,when one country produces a half-liter of soda and sells it abroad,it exports as much virtual water as would make a large refrigerator full of water.
According to Heokstra's new report,dry countries like Israel and Kuwait,both in the Middle East,get the majority of their virtual water from other countries,through imported products.More surprisingly,a few wetter countries,like the Netherlands and the United Kingdom,also get the majority of their virtual water from other places.That means that most of the water used to grow or produce the products and food consumed in those countries came from other countries.
In the United States,most of the virtual water used comes from American sources; only about 20percent of the virtual water comes from outside national boundaries.In China,even less of the water associated with its products-about 10percent-comes from foreign countries.
Tracing the water trade,Hoekstra and his team turned up other surprising relationships.For instance,often a dry region sends virtual water to a wetter region.Dry areas in northern China,for example,send virtual water to the southern part of that country,which is wetter.
Title:Virtual water
General introduction●Water flows downhill,and also travels (66)worldwide by means of import-export trade.
●The water used in all the processes (67)involved in producing goods and food is called virtual water.
An example●Producing one half-liter of a sugary soft drink requires much water,(68)ranging from 170to 310liters.
●About 1percent of the water is used in the soda,while about 95percent is used for the (69)growth and processing of the ingredients.
●Another 4percent is used to (70)package and label the drink.
●The water used to produce and export a half-liter of soda could (71)fill a large refrigerator.
The(72)Content(s ) of Hoekstra's new report●Dry countries as well as some wet countries get most of their virtual water from foreign countries by (73)importing products.
●China and the U.S.get virtual water (74)mostly/mainly from their own sources.
●Dry regions surprisingly (75)tend to send virtual water to wetter regions.

分析 這是一篇介紹說(shuō)明類文章.文章為我們介紹了"虛擬水"的概念.

解答 66.worldwide   67.involved      68.ranging      69.growth        70.package
71.fill         72.Content(s )    73.importing    74.mostly/mainly    75.tend
66.worldwide由第一段中的"These scientists looked at the water used to grow and make the products which get shipped from nation to nation as imports or exports"可知,通過(guò)進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易,水被運(yùn)送到全世界各地. 
67.involved由第一段中的"These scientists looked at the water used to grow and make the products which get shipped from nation to nation as imports or exports.They call this a flow of virtual water"可知,涉及到生產(chǎn)貨物和食物各個(gè)過(guò)程的水都被叫做"virtual water".be involved in意為"涉及到,牽涉到…". 
68.ranging由第三段中的"to produce one half-liter of the drink requires between 170 and 310 liters of water"可知,生產(chǎn)半升飲料需要的水在170到310升之間."range from…to…"意為"在…范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)". 
69.growth由第四段中的"The vast majority of the water-about 95%-is used to grow and process the ingredients(原料)"可知,95%的水被用來(lái)種植加工原料.定冠詞the后面要加grow的名詞growth. 
70.package由第四段中的"Another 4 percent goes into the packaging and labeling"可知,另外有4%的水被用在包裝和標(biāo)簽的過(guò)程中.動(dòng)詞不定式to后面要跟packaging的動(dòng)詞形式package. 
71.fill由第三段中的"it exports as much virtual water as would make a large refrigerator full of water"可知,它輸出的水可以裝滿一個(gè)大冰箱.could后要跟full的動(dòng)詞形式fill. 
72.Content(s )由第四段中的"According to Heokstra's new report"可知,下文講述的是Heokstra新報(bào)告的內(nèi)容. 
73.importing由第四段中的"dry countries like Israel and Kuwait,both in the Middle East,get the majority of their virtual water from other countries,through imported products"可知,一些干旱國(guó)家通過(guò)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品從別的國(guó)家得到"virtual water".by后面跟import的動(dòng)名詞形式importing. 
74.mostly/mainly由倒數(shù)第二段"In the United States,most of the virtual water used comes from American sources…In China,even less of the water associated with its products-about 10 percent-comes from foreign countries"可知,中國(guó)和美國(guó)主要是從自己國(guó)家的資源中獲得"virtual water". 
75.tend由最后一段中的"For instance,often a dry region sends virtual water to a wetter region"可知,干旱的地區(qū)往往將"virtual water"送到較濕的地區(qū).tend to do sth.意為"往往…,傾向于做某事".

點(diǎn)評(píng) 任務(wù)型閱讀首先是一篇閱讀理解.為了確保對(duì)文章準(zhǔn)確深刻理解,同時(shí)提高解題速度,最終能順利完成該項(xiàng)任務(wù),考生必須做到:
       1.注重平時(shí)詞匯記憶,熟練掌握考綱詞匯中常用詞匯的詞性轉(zhuǎn)化.
       2.了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu),把握全篇的文,即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系.
       3.加強(qiáng)限時(shí)閱讀訓(xùn)練,尤其是詞數(shù)在400~550之間的較長(zhǎng)篇幅的閱讀訓(xùn)練.
       4.系統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練,循序漸進(jìn),最終達(dá)到相應(yīng)的解題能力要求.

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