閱瀆理解

　　Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems．While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves．University of Missouri(MU)researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient．

　　“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU．“The radioisotope(放射性同位素)battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries．”

　　Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanical systems(M/NEMS)．Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe．

　　“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems．”

　　His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor(半導(dǎo)體)．Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor．

　　“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem．”

　　Together with J．David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery．In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials．Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair．

(1)

Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?

[　　]

A．

He teaches chemistry at MU．

B．

He developed a chemical battery．

C．

He is working on a nuclear energy source．

D．

He made a breakthrough in computer engineering．

(2)

Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4 ________．

[　　]

A．

to show chemical batteries are widely applied．

B．

to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used．

C．

to describe a nuclear-powered system．

D．

to introduce various energy sources．

(3)

Liquid semiconductor is used to ________．

[　　]

A．

get rid of the radioactive waste

B．

test the power of nuclear batteries．

C．

decrease the size of nuclear batteries

D．

reduce the damage to lattice structure．

(4)

According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery ________．

[　　]

A．

uses a solid semiconductor

B．

will soon replace the present ones．

C．

could be extremely thin

D．

has passed the final test．

(5)

The text is most probably a ________．

[　　]

A．

science news report

B．

book review

C．

newspaper ad

D．

science fiction story

答案：1．C;2．B;3．D;4．C;5．A;
練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：2007年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試、英語(廣東卷) 題型：050

閱瀆理解

　　Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic(寄生蟲引起的)disease, kills as many as three million people every year－almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African．In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't(or can't)seek care．It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works．In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long．

　　Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches．As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body．Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect(感染)．They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain．If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years．The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of parasite．Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth－and one of the most successful．Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control．Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations．Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming．

　　For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make．Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it．Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive．If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next．

(1)

According to paragraph 1, many people don't seek care because___．

[　　]

A．

they are too poor

B．

it is unusual to seek care

C．

they can remain unaffected for long

D．

there are too many people suffering from the disease

(2)

People suffering from malaria___．

[　　]

A．

have to kill female mosquitoes

B．

have ability to defend parasites

C．

have their red blood cells infected

D．

have sudden fever, followed by chills

(3)

Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?

[　　]

A．

Its resistance to global warming．

B．

Its ability to pass on the virus frequently．

C．

Its outbreaks in cities with large populations．

D．

Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs．

(4)

It can be inferred from the passage that___．

[　　]

A．

no drugs have been found to treat the disease

B．

the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people

C．

malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites

D．

nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease

(5)

Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?

[　　]

A．

How can we know one is suffering from malaria?

B．

How many people are killed by malaria each year?

C．

Why are there so many people suffering from malaria 7

D．

What has been done to keep people unaffected for long 7

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：廣東省汕頭市六都中學(xué)2008屆高三英語模擬試卷 題型：050

閱瀆理解

　　A small dog should be belly-up after eating a handful M＆M’s, at least according to conventional wisdom．But watching“Moose”, a friend’s five-pound Chihuahua, race around a living room after his sweet snack makes one wonder: Is chocolate truly poisonous to dogs?

　　Dogs and humans have similar tastes．But unlike humans, our companions experience dangerous effects from eating chocolate－it can poison them and in some cases is fatal．Chocolate’s danger to dogs depends on its quality．

　　Chocolate is processed from the bitter seeds of the cocoa tree, which contain a family of compounds known as methylxanthines(一種衍生物)．This class of substances includes caffeine and the related chemical theobromine(可可堿)．Chocolate contains a significant amount of theobromine and smaller amounts of caffeine．These chemicals can cause a dog’s heart to race up to twice its normal rate, and some dogs may run around as if“they drank a gallon of espresso,”according to Hackett．

　　Dogs are capable of handling some chocolate, but it depends on the animal’s weight and the type of chocolate it eats．Unsweetened baking chocolate contains more than six times as much theobromine as milk chocolate, although amounts vary between cocoa beans as well as different brands of chocolate．Less than four ounces of milk chocolate is potentially fatal for Moose and other small dogs．

　　Around every confection-centered holiday－Valentine’s Day, Easter and Christmas－at least three or four dogs are hospitalized overnight in the animal medical center at Colorado State．But in 16 years, Hackett has seen just one dog die from chocolate poisoning, and he suspects it may have had an underlying disease that made it more exposed to chocolate’s heart –racing effect．

(1)

The underlined expression“belly-up”probably means ________．

[　　]

A．

dead

B．

poisonous

C．

running around

D．

having a headache

(2)

All of the following are true EXCEPT ________．

[　　]

A．

chocolate’s danger to dogs depends on its quantity and quality

B．

people buy lots of chocolate around Valentine’s Day

C．

an ounce of unsweetened baking chocolate is safe for Moose

D．

there must be some theobromine or caffeine in espresso

(3)

What can we learn about Hackett?

[　　]

A．

He is an animal doctor．

B．

He is a pet shop owner．

C．

He is the owner of Moose

D．

He is a doctor in a small hospital．

(4)

It can be inferred from the passage that Hackett believes that ________．

[　　]

A．

chocolate is truly deadly to dogs

B．

it’s OK to give chocolate to a big dog

C．

pets are usually ignored around confection-centered holidays

D．

a healthy dog probably could survive a chocolate poisoning

(5)

The passage is mainly about ________．

[　　]

A．

the poisoning of Moose

B．

the compounds of different chocolates

C．

a handful M＆M’s chocolate is poisonous

D．

the relation between methylxanthines and chocolate poisoning

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：廣東省佛山市南海區(qū)羅村高級中學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期第二階段考試英語試題 題型：050

閱瀆理解

　　The weather is getting hotter．You are thirsty playing basketball or riding home from school．A cold drink may be just the thing．But be careful what you are drinking．Something that looks cool may not be good for your health．There are plenty of “energy drinks” on the market．Most of them have beautiful colors and cool names．The lists on them tell you they are helpful to your health．Sounds great!

　　But after a careful check you may find that most energy drinks have lots of caffeine in them．These drinks are especially aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players．Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake．But be careful not to drink too much．

　　Caffeine makes your heart beat fast．Because of this, the International Olympic Committee(IOC)has limited(限制)its use．Caffeine in most energy drinks is at least as strong as that in a cup of coffee or tea．Possible health dangers have something to do with energy drinks．Just one box of energy drink can make you nervous, have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart problems．Scientists say that teenagers should be discouraged from taking drinks with a lot of caffeine in them．

(1)

Many people like drinking energy drinks because of the following EXCEPT that ________．

[　　]

A．

they have beautiful colors and cool names

B．

they have lots of caffeine

C．

they can keep them awake and better at sports

D．

they are said to be helpful to health

(2)

The main reason for people not to drink too much energy drinks is that they may cause ________．

[　　]

A．

heart problems

B．

nervousness

C．

sleeping difficulty

D．

possible health dangers

(3)

The underlined word “discouraged” can be replaced(替換)with ________．

[　　]

A．

encouraged

B．

stopped

C．

helped

D．

disliked

(4)

From the passage we can know that ________．

[　　]

A．

advertisements are important in getting people to buy energy drinks

B．

energy drinks are helpful to teenagers’ study

C．

sports players need to drink a lot of energy drinks

D．

energy drinks are especially aimed at teenagers

(5)

Which of the following can be the best title(標(biāo)題)of the passage? ________

[　　]

A．

What’s the Use of Energy Drinks?

B．

Who Can Drink Energy Drinks?

C．

What’s That in Energy Drinks?

D．

Why Can’t We Buy Energy Drinks?

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：廣東省佛山市南海區(qū)羅村高級中學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期第二階段考試英語試題 題型：050

閱瀆理解

　　Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness．The sight of Barney Clark－alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump－convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived．It hadn't．After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients(most of whom got the device as a temporary measure)the U．S．Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them．Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning(禁止)the device．

　　The recall may hurt Symbion Inc．, maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won't end the request for an artificial heart．One problem with the banned mode is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection．Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patient's chest．The first sample products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years．But some people are already worrying that they'll work－and that America's overextended health-care programs will lose a precious ＄2.5 billion to ＄5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients．If such expenditures(開支)cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation's health．

(1)

According to the passage, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be ________．

[　　]

A．

a technical failure

B．

a technical wonder

C．

a good life-saver

D．

an effective means to treat heart disease

(2)

From the passage we know that Symbion Inc．________．

[　　]

A．

has been banned by the government from producing artificial hearts

B．

will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new models

C．

may continue to work on new models of reliable artificial hearts

D．

can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years

(3)

The new models of artificial hearts are expected ________．

[　　]

A．

to have a working life of 10 or 20 years

B．

to be set fully in the patient's chest

C．

to be equipped with an external power source

D．

to create a new passage for infection

(4)

The word “them” in Line 7, Para．2 refers to ________．

[　　]

A．

doctors who treat heart diseases

B．

makers of artificial hearts

C．

America's health-care programs

D．

new models of artificial hearts

(5)

Some people feel that ________．

[　　]

A．

artificial hearts are seldom effective

B．

the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts

C．

the country is not spending enough money on artificial hearts

D．

America's health-care programs are not doing enough for the nation's health

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案