Question

At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they’re bad. Yet the agreement among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants’ impact on the economy and the reality?
There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the stress that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There’s some truth to all these explanations, but they aren’t quite sufficient.
To get a better understanding of what’s going on, consider the way immigration’s impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants’ low-cost labor are businesses and employers —meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, these producers’ savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration has reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9%. 
Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the financial burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that financial burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants’ access to certain benefits.
The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected — say, low-skilled workers, or California residents — the impact isn’t all that dramatic. “The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions,” says Daniel Tichenor, a professor at the University of Oregon. “But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one.” Too bad most people don’t realize it. 
小題1:What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A．Whether immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists.

B．The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now it’s a different story.

C．The agreement among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged.

D．The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration.

小題2:What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants?

A．It may change the existing social structure.

B．It may pose a threat to their economic status.

C．It may decrease .their financial burden.

D．It may place a great pressure on the state budget.

小題3:What is the irony about the debate over immigration?

A．Even economists can’t reach an agreement about its impact.

B．Those who are opposed to it turn out to benefit most from it.

C．People are making too big a fuss about something of small impact.

D．There is no essential difference between seemingly opposite opinions.

小題4:Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A．A debate about whether to immigrate.

B．A debate about the impact of illegal immigrants.

C．The great impact of immigrants on the economy.

D．Opposition to illegal immigration.

Answer 1

小題1:D
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:B

試題分析：本文論述了正反兩方對(duì)于移民對(duì)本國(guó)的影響到底有多大，不同的人有不同的觀點(diǎn)，文章最后Daniel Tichenor教授指出，其實(shí)移民給本國(guó)帶來的是經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個(gè)很小的增長(zhǎng)，只不過，有的人認(rèn)識(shí)不到這一點(diǎn)。
小題1:這是概括大意題。這里指出，美國(guó)大眾絕大多數(shù)認(rèn)為移民對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響是不好的。然而，大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家卻一致認(rèn)為，不管是合法還是非法移民，都為經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來了小幅的凈增長(zhǎng)。由此可見，對(duì)于移民經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響問題，大眾多多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家存在分歧，故答案為D。
小題2:這是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the financial burden of immigration.他們主要擔(dān)心財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)重，故選 D。
小題3:這是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected — say, low-skilled workers, or California residents — the impact isn’t all that dramatic. 移民對(duì)各方面的影響很小，沒有必要過于談?wù)撍�，故選C。
小題4:這是標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)從開頭及整篇文章的內(nèi)容來看，是主要談?wù)摰囊泼竦挠绊懀�故選B。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：文章標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆。標(biāo)題歸納題在英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題中屬深層理解題，它要求考生在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，準(zhǔn)確把握文章大意及作者的寫作意圖。一般說來，標(biāo)題應(yīng)該具有概括性、針對(duì)性、簡(jiǎn)潔性三個(gè)突出特點(diǎn)。其中概括性，是指標(biāo)題應(yīng)最大程度地覆蓋全文，囊括文章的主要內(nèi)容，體現(xiàn)文章的主題；針對(duì)性，是指標(biāo)題的含義要直接指向文章的主要特點(diǎn)；而簡(jiǎn)潔性，則是指標(biāo)題應(yīng)言簡(jiǎn)意賅，能吸引讀者的注意力，并喚起讀者對(duì)文章的閱讀興趣等。