Question

1．In all fields of life，and particularly within the commercial world，when managed effectively，competition can deliver a wealth of benefits．It can provide individuals with the motivation they need to work hard and achieve objectives．It can encourage effective teamwork as managers seek to use the different strong points of team members to secure the best team performance．It can contribute to greater commitment to quality as people seek to use this as a way to beat their competitors．Healthy competition can cause the development of creativity as individuals seek out all possible ways to get ahead of the crowd．It can also help managers to identify which individual makes progress under pressure and which is better suited to less stressful roles．
However，employers can often find it difficult to agree on the type of competition they want within their organization，the targets they'll use and the measurement techniques they'll apply．For example，it's common for businesses to give different sales teams clear targets with the lure（誘惑）of the highest bonuses for the top performers．While this will usually give rise to healthy competition，it can also mean that important long-term projects get pushed to one side as the team devotes all its energy to achieving the short-term target．So it's important that the goals and objectives which are set for teams are in line with wider business requirements．Additionally，in very competitive organizations，managers should get individuals to see the bigger picture and act in the best interest of their organization as a whole，rather than to follow the very narrow targets they have set as individuals or as a team．
Thus，employers have to be careful not to let competition have a ruinous effect on morale （士氣） at any level．Equally，businesses should introduce clear processes and guidelines that prevent individuals from different teams quarrelling about the allocation of sales income if parties from different teams have worked together to win a contract（合同）．Infighting such as this is always damaging．Moreover，managers must also be alert to the risk of creating conditions where bullying（欺凌） can be used．
To encourage healthy competition in an organization，you must introduce very clear policies regarding competition and ensure the information is communicated effectively．Individuals must know what behavior is acceptable within a competitive environment，and what behavior is considered not acceptable．Also，you should ensure that individuals are measured against all desirable targets but not one simple goal．Ensure that you have senior managers who are able to take a"helicopter view"and judge fairly between teams for the greater good when arguments do unavoidably arise．

Healthy competition
（71）Benefitsof healthy competition	•Competition can keep individuals （72）motivated to work hard towards goals． •With each member's （73）strengths used effectively，the team will work better and more productively as a whole． •Healthy competition can encourage everyone to work more （74）creatively． •It helps managers to learn about their employees．
Challenges in encouraging healthy competition	•●Sometimes competition makes teams （75）focus on short-term    goals instead of long-term goals． •Sometimes competition makes individuals （76）ignore the whole organization's interests and then just follow their own narrow targets．
What to avoid for healthy competition	•Avoid letting competition （77）ruin morale． •Avoid using （78）unclear processes and guidelines that can result in infighting． •Avoid creating conditions where individuals bully each other．
Tips on encouraging healthy competition	•Make policies about what can be done and what is （79）unacceptable． •Assess individuals on a comprehensive basis． •Choose senior managers who can make fair （80）judgments about arguments．

Answer 1

分析 短文主要講了健康競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的好處，以及在實(shí)施中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)，并講了如何做才能做到健康的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)．

解答 71．Benefits，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第一句話(huà)In all fields of life，and particularly within the commercial world，when managed effectively，competition can deliver a wealth of benefits 可知，無(wú)論在生活的什么方面，只要有效地進(jìn)行，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能給人帶來(lái)好處，因此此空使用benefit的復(fù)數(shù)形式．   
72．motivated，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子It can provide individuals with the motivation they need to work hard and achieve objectives． 可知，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能激勵(lì)人朝著目標(biāo)努力工作．    
73．strengths，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子It can encourage effective teamwork as managers seek to use the different strong points of team members to secure the best team performance 可知，只要管理者能充分使用每個(gè)人的長(zhǎng)處就能使團(tuán)隊(duì)工作發(fā)揮到最好．    
74．creatively，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子Healthy competition can cause the development of creativity as individuals seek out all possible ways to get ahead of the crowd． 可知，健康的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也能使人更有創(chuàng)造性地工作．  
75．focus，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子While this will usually give rise to healthy competition，it can also mean that important long-term projects get pushed to one side as the team devotes all its energy to achieving the short-term target．可知，在實(shí)施健康競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)會(huì)讓團(tuán)隊(duì)注重的是短期的目標(biāo)而不是長(zhǎng)期的目標(biāo)．
76．ignore，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子Additionally，in very competitive organizations，managers should get individuals to see the bigger picture and act in the best interest of their organization as a whole，rather than to follow the very narrow targets they have set as individuals or as a team 可知，實(shí)施健康競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)面臨的第二個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是會(huì)讓個(gè)人忽視組織的利益．     
77．ruin，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子employers have to be careful not to let competition have a ruinous effect on morale （士氣） at any level 可知，老板要做的就是不要讓競(jìng)爭(zhēng)毀掉團(tuán)隊(duì)的士氣．            
78．unclear，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子Equally，businesses should introduce clear processes and guidelines可知，應(yīng)使用清晰的做事方法和指導(dǎo)方針．       
79．unacceptable，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子Individuals must know what behavior is acceptable within a competitive environment，and what behavior is considered not acceptable 可知，要設(shè)立清晰的政策，這樣個(gè)人才知道什么是不可接受的．  
80．judgments，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子Ensure that you have senior managers who are able to take a"helicopter view"and judge fairly between teams for the greater good when arguments do unavoidably arise可知，

點(diǎn)評(píng) 在做表格閱讀時(shí)，首先需要快速的瀏覽全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要學(xué)會(huì)帶著問(wèn)題到文中相應(yīng)的地方，通過(guò)細(xì)節(jié)閱讀來(lái)尋找或概括答案；最后理清作者的寫(xiě)作思路也非常重要；做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，要多注意一些關(guān)鍵詞的提取，以及結(jié)構(gòu)上的搭配．