Question

When several people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you are alone observing one behavior or a person at two different times, you may see different things. The followings are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions(感知,認識):

 (1)  Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.

(2)    Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.

(3)    Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don’t see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore the stimulus——“He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting(入店行竊).” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information ——“All kids get into mischief(頑皮). Taking a book from a bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information--- “It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”…

1.The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is _____.

A. our hearing and visual abilities            

B. cultural background and personal experiences

C. the experience one learns from others                                    

D. critical measures taken by other people

2.While observing a particular person,________.

A. one is likely to take all aspects into consideration         

B. one pays more attention to his/her advantages

C. children often differ from grown-ups in perception     

D. one tends to choose certain aspects to look at

3.Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because _____.

A. they follow different standards    

B. either of them may be slow to catch information

C. the time for observation is not long enough

D. each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions

4. The underlined word “stimulus” in Paragraph 4 refers to _____.

A. something attractive                   

B. selective perception           

C. contradictory information           

D. shoplifting

5.The worst thing in selective perception is that ______.

A. the information received runs against your desire

B. facts can be twisted or totally ignored

C. importance of the contradictory information can be overrated (估計過高)

D. misbehaved children may not be punished

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.B

2.D

3.A

4.C

5.B 

【解析】

試題分析：幾個人看同樣的人會感覺不一樣，同一個人在不同的時候看同一件事情也會不同，這是因為一些因素影響人們的認知。

1.細節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.可知第一個影響人的認知的因素是我們的文化背景和個人經(jīng)歷。選B。

2.細節(jié)題：從文章第三段的句子：It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship.可知當(dāng)觀察一個特定的人，一個人往往會選擇某些方面看。選D

3.細節(jié)題：依據(jù)句子“Most people do not use the same yardstick（尺碼） to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.”可知同樣的人同時被兩個人觀察可能不一樣，因為他們使用的是不同的標準，選項A

4.猜詞題：從文章第四段的句子：Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory information is particularly obvious, but it can be done.選擇性認知很顯然更難，當(dāng)矛盾信息顯而易見的時候，可知“stimulus”是矛盾的信息，所以選C

5.細節(jié)題：從文章第四段的句子：We can ignore the stimulus——“He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting(入店行竊).” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information可知選擇性認知最壞的事情是事實被扭曲或完全忽視。所以選B。

考點：考查社會現(xiàn)象類短文