I am a psychologist. I first met Timothy, a quiet, overweight eleven­year­old boy, when his mother brought him to me to discuss his declining grades. A few minutes with Timothy were enough to confirm that his self-esteem (自尊) and general happiness were falling right along with them.
I asked about Timothy’s typical day. He awoke every morning at six thirty so he could reach his school by eight and arrived home around four thirty each afternoon. He then had a quick snack, followed by either a piano lesson or a lesson with his math tutor. He finished dinner at 7 pm, and then he sat down to do homework for two to three hours. Quickly doing the math in my head, I found that Timothy spent an average of thirteen hours a day at a writing desk.
What if Timothy spent thirteen hours a day at a sewing machine instead of a desk? We would immediately be shocked, because that would be called children being horribly mistreated. Timothy was far from being mistreated, but the mountain of homework he faced daily resulted in a similar consequence — he was being robbed of his childhood. In fact, Timothy had no time to do anything he truly enjoyed, such as playing video games, watching movies, or playing board games with his friends.
Play, however, is a crucial part of healthy child development. It affects children’s creativity, their social skills, and even their brain development. The absence of play, physical exercise, and free­from social interaction takes a serious toll on many children. It can also cause significant health problems like childhood obesity, sleep problems and depression.
Experts in the field recommend the minutes children spend on their homework should be no more than ten times the number of their grade level. As a fifth­grader, Timothy should have no more than fifty minutes a day of homework (instead of three times that amount). Having an extra two hours an evening to play, relax, or see a friend would soundly benefit any child’s life quality.
小題1:What did the writer think of Timothy after learning about his typical day__________?
A.Timothy was very hard­working.
B.Timothy was being mistreated.
C.Timothy had a heavy burden.
D.Timothy was enjoying his childhood.
小題2:Which of the following statements best describes the writer’s opinion________?
A.Children should be allowed enough time to play.
B.Playing board games works better than playing video games.
C.The more they play, the more creative children will become.
D.The depression caused by homework makes children unwilling to play.
小題3:According to the passage, how long should a third­grader spend a day doing homework________?
A.About ten minutes.B.No more than twenty minutes.
C.No more than thirty minutes.D.About fifty minutes.

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:C

試題分析:文章關(guān)注的是孩子沉重的作業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān),除了大量的作業(yè),還有各種補(bǔ)習(xí)班。學(xué)習(xí)占用了孩子大量的時(shí)間,以至于玩耍的時(shí)間太少,這不利于孩子的身心發(fā)展。
小題1:根據(jù)第二段“He awoke every morning at six thirty so he could reach his school by eight and arrived home around four thirty each afternoon. He then had a quick snack, followed by either a piano lesson or a lesson with his math tutor. He finished dinner at 7 pm, and then he sat down to do homework for two to three hours. Quickly doing the math in my head, I found that Timothy spent an average of thirteen hours a day at a writing desk.”可知,Timothy4:30放學(xué)后,吃點(diǎn)快餐,就去上鋼琴課或數(shù)學(xué)課,從7:00開(kāi)始做作業(yè)做三到四個(gè)小時(shí)。Timothy每天平均花13小時(shí)在學(xué)習(xí)上。學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)重。故選C。
小題2:根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Play, however, is a crucial part of healthy child development. It affects children’s creativity, their social skills, and even their brain development...”可知,玩耍在童年扮演者重要的角色,缺少玩耍的時(shí)間不利于兒童的身心發(fā)展。故選A。
小題3:根據(jù)最后一段“the minutes children spend on their homework should be no more than ten times the number of their grade level”可知,做作業(yè)的分鐘數(shù)不應(yīng)超過(guò)所在年級(jí)數(shù)的十倍,三年級(jí)的學(xué)生,做作業(yè)的時(shí)間在30分鐘以?xún)?nèi)。故選C。
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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Did you get a flu shot this year?For the first time,the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US is recommending that all children aged from 6 months to 18 years receive the flu vaccine.
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“The flu vaccine is not as effective as the polio (小兒麻痹癥) vaccine or the measles vaccine,” says Dr.William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.“It’s not a great vaccine,but it is in fact quite a good vaccine.”
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Some people are afraid that they might get the flu from the flu shot.Scientists say that it is not possible,because the viruses in the flu shot are inactivated.But some minor side effects such as low­grade fever and body ache could occur.If they do,they begin soon after the shot and usually last only one to two days.
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A.virus used for fighting against disease
B.a(chǎn)ntibody to fight the germs
C.formula to fight against disease
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B.is worse,compared with the polio and the measles vaccines
C.does help to make illness less serious
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A.those who are not allergic to eggs can take the flu vaccine
B.not all the flu vaccines are effective for everyone
C.you should go to a doctor if you have a fever after taking the flu vaccine
D.it is possible that some people might get the flu from the flu shot
小題4:When people take the flu vaccine,________.
A.they’ll be allergic to eggs
B.their bodies will ache for 5 days
C.they probably have a low fever
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____ there are many benefits,opponents(反對(duì)者)____ problems. First,they ____ that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills.Because service learning is time-consuming,students spend ___ time studying the core subjects.Second,they believe that forcing students to work without ____ goes against the law.By requiring service,the school takes away a student's freedom to choose.
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According to body language expert Robert Phipps,the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personality they have.Phipps has identified four sleeping positions that affect personality.
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“The longer you sleep like this,the more rigid your thinking is and you can become inflexible,which means you make things harder for yourself,”according to Phipps.
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B.Your Personality Depends a Lot on How You Sleep at Night
C.How You Sleep at Night Affects What You Do the Next Day
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CP:Central  P:Point Sp:Sub?point
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Some blame the design of the curriculum for giving English an equal or greater amount of emphasis, which might have contributed to the failure in teaching Chinese. But this is probably not a fair accusation since children in English speaking countries cannot spell either.
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Another trend of thought for curriculum reform is related to the perception of "worth". It is true that English is one of the subjects that students do spend too much time on, with pitiful results. This makes some doubt if it is worth giving it priority. But this is not a sound argument either as students still need to study things that matter more to their future in spite of challenges learning English presents to them.
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To be constructive, we ought to start a dialogue on ways to make improvements in learning outcomes so that students' time learning English is spent more effectively. There are a few things that could improve English education, such as assessment design,learner motivation and teaching style,
I am sure there are many other areas where changes can greatly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of English learning. The public discourse at present is a little oversimplified. People are arguing for or against English having less weight in major tests, when the dialogue should be taken a step further, to the improvement of learning or teaching methods that may benefit the teaching of other subjects as well, Chinese included.
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A.show respect for their capabilities of learning languages
B.prove English and Chinese are not contradictory
C.confirm the importance of learning English in China
D.tell the readers English Education is to blame
小題2:According to the passage, which of the following statements is right?
A.The TV program Writing in Chinese is very popular at present.
B.Good results of learning English are not worth so much time.
C.Some are in favor of attaching less importance to English in exams.
D.Sacrificing English can improve Chinese language education.
小題3:In the writer’s opinion, what should be done to solve the argument?
A.Increasing time spent in learning Chinese.
B.Increasing time spent in learning English.
C.Reducing the weight of English in examinations.
D.Improving the learning outcomes effectively.
小題4:Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
A.English education is still important in China.
B.Chinese education is more important in China.
C.English contributes to the failure in teaching Chinese
D.Ways to make improvements in learning Chinese.

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Anyone who doubts if children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their first efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often tied to their children's success, it can be a painful experience.
Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn't suffer from a learning disability, or isn't involved in some family crisis(危機(jī)) at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or classmate pressure.“Everything is within the kids' control;their intelligence is changeable,”says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says,“Parents can play a key role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort and progress rather than emphasizing their “smartness” or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”
Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids.“These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren't considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist. Howard and other educators say it's important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extra­curricular activities.
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小題1:According to the passage, the parents of kids with no ambition ________.
A.don't do a very good job on teaching them to walk
B.a(chǎn)re to blame if the kids do poorly in school
C.feel pain because their own ambition is connected to their kids' success
D.should take part in extra­curricular activities with kids
小題2: The underlined part “the fire went out” probably means ________.
A.the motivation was suddenly lost
B.the fear of failure was suddenly gone
C.the learning disability was suddenly lost
D.the fire was suddenly gone
小題3:All the following can contribute to a sudden lack of ambition EXCEPT ________.
A.learning disabilityB.classmate pressure
C.emphasis on testingD.extra­curricular activities
小題4:What is the most important thing for parents in motivating their kids?
A.Punishing kids who don't display ambition.
B.Emphasizing smartness and high performance.
C.Telling kids that mistakes are a part of learning.
D.Praising the effort and progress they have made.

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker(貼畫(huà)) for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said.
Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That’s because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You’re a great vegetable taster”, did not work as well.
The study found that when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables—either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas—in laboratory taste tests, the study said.
Researchers randomly assigned (分派) 173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where Parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”.
Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day for 12 days. Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables—and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround(轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)) also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once-disliked vegetable three months later.
Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.
小題1:The purpose of writing the passage is      .
A.to show the procedure of an experiment on children’s diet
B.to introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetables
C.to explain why children hate to eat vegetables
D.to present a proper way of verbal praise to parents
小題2:The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_______”.
A.shoot from behind the back
B.make a fire in the backyard
C.produce an unexpected result
D.a(chǎn)chieve what was planned
小題3:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A.Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.
B.Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables.
C.Oral praise works quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.
D.It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.
小題4:What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.Children like rewards, not verbal praise.
B.Parents should give up verbal praise.
C.Children are difficult to inspire.
D.Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone.

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Most people know precious gemstones (寶石) by their appearances. An emerald flashes deep green, a ruby seems to hold a red fire inside, and a diamond shines like a star. It’s more difficult to tell where the gem was mined, since a diamond from Australia or Arkansas may appear the same to one from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, recently, a team of scientists has found a way to identify a gemstone’s origin.
Beneath the surface of a gemstone, on the tiny level of atoms and molecules(分子), lie clues (線索) to its origin. At this year’s meeting of the Geological Society of America in Minneapolis, Catherine McManus reported on a technique that uses lasers (激光) to clarify these clues and identify a stone’s homeland. McManus directs scientific research at Materialytics, in Killeen, Texas. The company is developing the technique. “With enough data, we could identify which country, which mining place, even the individual mine a gemstone comes from,” McManus told Science News.
Some gemstones, including many diamonds, come from war-torn countries. Sales of those “blood minerals” may encourage violent civil wars where innocent people are injured or killed. In an effort to reduce the trade in blood minerals, the U.S. government passed law in July 2010 that requires companies that sell gemstones to determine the origins of their stones.
To figure out where gemstones come from, McManus and her team focus a powerful laser on a small sample of the gemstone. The technique is called laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Just as heat can turn ice into water or water into steam, energy from the laser changes the state of matter of the stone. The laser changes a miniscule part of the gemstone into plasma, a gas state of matter in which tiny particles(微粒)called electrons separate from atoms.
The plasma, which is superhot, produces a light pattern. (The science of analyzing this kind of light pattern is called spectroscopy.) Different elements(元素)produce different patterns, but McManus and her team say that gemstones from the same area produce similar patterns. Materialytics has already collected patterns from thousands of gemstones, including more than 200 from diamonds. They can compare the light pattern from an unknown gemstone to patterns they do know and look for a match. The light pattern acts like a signature, telling the researchers the origin of the gemstone.
In a small test, the laser technique correctly identified the origins of 95 out of every 100 diamonds. For gemstones like emeralds and rubies, the technique proved successful for 98 out of every 100 stones. The scientists need to collect and analyze more samples, including those from war-torn countries, before the tool is ready for commercial use.
Scientists like Barbara Dutrow, a mineralogist from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, find the technique exciting. “This is a basic new tool that could provide a better fingerprint of a material from a particular locality,” she told Science News.
小題1:We learn from Paragraph 1 that __________________.
A.a(chǎn)n emerald and a ruby are names of diamonds.
B.it’s not difficult to tell where the gem was mined.
C.a(chǎn)ppearances help to identify the origin of gemstones.
D.diamonds from different places may appear the same.
小題2:Why did the U.S. government pass law that requires companies selling gemstones to determine the origins of their stones?
A.To look for more gemstones.
B.To encourage violent civil wars.
C.To reduce the trade in blood minerals.
D.To develop the economy.
小題3:Which of the following facts most probably helps McManus and her team in identifying the origin of stones?
A.Heat can turn ice into water or water into steam.
B.Gemstones from the same area produce similar light patterns.
C.Laser can changes a miniscule part of the gemstone into plasma.
D.Materialytics has already collected patterns from thousands of gemstones.
小題4:From the last two paragraphs, what can be inferred about the laser technique?
A.It is ready for commercial use.
B.People can use the new tool to find more gemstones.
C.It can significantly reduce the gemstones trade in blood minerals.
D.It will bring about a revolutionary change in identifying the origin of minerals.
小題5:The author wrote this passage mainly to ________.
A.tell us how to identify the origin of diamonds.
B.introduce a laser technique in identifying a stone’s origin
C.prove identifying the origin of gemstones are difficult
D.a(chǎn)ttract our attention to reducing trade in blood minerals

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.
One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine (跑步機(jī)). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot (赤腳).
Researchers from the JKM Technologies company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.
They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels.
The study appeared in the official scientific journal of The American Academy of Physical Medicine.
The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.
They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.
Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.
Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.
But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.
The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.
小題1:What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.Walking in high heels could cause less serious effects than running barefoot.
B.Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels.
C.Running in shoes is partly good to runners.
D.Two new studies prove running without shoes is beneficial to runners in most cases.
小題2:Which part of our body could be injured if we run in running shoes?
A.Toes.B.Hips.C.Feet.D.Legs.
小題3:What can we learn from the passage?
A.The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel.
B.We should start running barefoot in no time.
C.Running in modern running shoes could cause more serious effects than running in high heels.
D.We won’t be injured if we run barefoot.
小題4:What is the writer’s attitude towards the use of the modern running shoes?
A.Persuasive.B.Negative.C.Objective.D.Supportive.

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