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14.If I asked you to sit down and remember a list of phone numbers or a series of facts,how would you go about it?There's a fair chance that you'd be doing it wrong.
One of the interesting things about the mind is that even though we all have one,we don't have perfect insight (洞察力) into how to get the best from it.This is partly because of flaws (缺陷) in our ability to think about our own thinking.Studying this self-reflective thought process exposes human beings'mental blind spots.
One area where these blind spots are particularly large is learning.We're actually surprisingly bad at having insight into how we learn best.
Researchers Jeffrey Karpicke and Henry Roediger III made an experiment,where they asked college students to learn pairs of Swahili and English words.So,for example,they had to learn that if they were given the Swahili word"mashua"the correct response was"boat".They could have used the sort of facts you might get on a high-school quiz,but the use of Swahili meant that there was little chance their participants could use any background knowledge to help them learn.After the pairs had all been learnt,there would be a final test a week later.
Now if many of us were revising this list we might study the list,test ourselves and then repeat this cycle,dropping items we got right.This makes studying and testing quicker and allows us to focus our effort on the things we haven't yet learnt.It's a plan that seems to make perfect sense,but it's a plan that is disastrous if we really want to learn properly.
Karpicke and Roediger asked students to prepare for a test in various ways,and compared their success-for example,one group kept testing themselves on all items without dropping what they were getting right,while another group stopped testing themselves on their correct answers.On the final exam differences between the groups were dramatic.While dropping items from study didn't have much of an effect,the people who dropped items from testing performed relatively poorly.
It seems the effective way to learn is to practice getting items back from memory,not trying to consolidate (鞏固) them in there by further study.Moreover,dropping items entirely from your revision,which is the advice given by many study guides,is wrong.You can stop studying them if you've learnt them,but you should keep testing what you've learnt if you want to remember them at the time of the final exam.
So the evidence has a moral for teachers:there's more to testing than finding out what students know-tests can also help us remember.
63.According to the passage,we often fail to remember facts becauseD.
A.we ignore our weakness in memorizing things
B.we don't understand well what we are learning
C.we don't know where our metal blind spots are
D.we take improper ways to memorize for good ones
64.The researchers'experiment was intended toB.
A.confirm we don't know how to learn effectively
B.find out how we can consolidate our knowledge better
C.distinguish effects of memory in learning different languages
D.prove the importance of background knowledge in memorizing
65.What does the author believe leads to a good memory?A
A.Constant measure of your knowledge.
B.Frequent revision of what you learn.
C.Firm abandonment of what you're poor at.
D.Strong desire for grasping new knowledge.
66.The proper title for the passage isC.
A.An experiment on memory
B.A concept of human memory
C.A way to improve your memory
D.A discovery of a mental blind spot.

分析 本文通過實驗表明提高記憶力的最佳途徑就是經常測試自己的知識.

解答 63D細節(jié)理解題.根據This is partly because of flaws (缺陷) in our ability to think about our own thinking可知,有時我們記不住是因為你采取了不恰當的方式.
64 B細節(jié)理解題.通過對實驗的詳細介紹,最后得出結論It seems the effective way to learn is to practice getting items back from memory,not trying to consolidate (鞏固) them in there by further study.由此可見,實驗的目的是找到最好的鞏固知識的方法.
65A 細節(jié)推斷題.So the evidence has a moral for teachers:there's more to testing than finding out what students know-tests can also help us remember由實驗的最終結果可知,提高記憶最佳方式是經常測試自己的知識.
66C主旨概括題.根據全文的描述,以及實驗的最終結果,得知整篇文章關于如提高記憶力.

點評 科教類文章題材考生閱讀比較晦澀不好懂,解題難度較大,所以平時要關注科學技術等題材,帶著問題找答案.

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