Question

7．An accident in a bicycle race in the United States eight years ago alerted James Chang to the importance of sports medicine．One of his riding companions（25）was injured（injure） severely in the accident．
From then on，Chang，45，a Chinese-American who was born in Anhui province，began to launch business relating to physical safety and medical assistance，particularly in sport．So（26）whenhe took up marathon running two years ago he was shocked to see frequent injuries，many of them avoidable．
"I always heard people talking about people in marathons in China dying suddenly，"he says，adding that one reason why many of these deaths happen is（27）thatthere is a lot of ignorance in China about what marathon running involves．
Many amateur runners in China who are highly competitive get carried away and run at a pace that is far in excess of（28）whatthey can expect their body to take，and even ignore clear signals such as pain，Chang says．
As Chinese have placed more emphasis on leading healthy life-styles in recent years，marathon and other long-distance running（29）have become（become） a highly popular sport across the country quickly．
More than 50 China Athletic Association-sanctioned urban marathons were held in the country last year，and 39 races involving more than 750，000 runners were held the year before．However，long-distance running is a serious business that can exact a heavy physical toll on runners．
"Marathon carries（30）higher（high） risks of injury than other forms of sport，"Hou says，adding that the key to avoiding injury is to strengthen the body through regular exercise and to be aware of one's own physical condition．
Although some chronic injuries are hard（31）to avoid（avoid），even for highly experienced runners，cramp，fainting and shock can easily be prevent（32）ifrunners better understand the sport，he says．

Answer 1

分析 本文作者主要講述了45歲的美籍華人James Chang在體育運動方面開展與身體安全和醫(yī)療援助相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)的起因；對中國賽跑選手現(xiàn)狀的分析以及長跑運動在中國受歡迎的程度；并重點講述了James Chang對于參加馬拉松以及其他長跑運動的運動員們避免該運動所造成傷害的方法；James Chang認為，在中國，有人參加完馬拉松賽跑猝死的原因之一是由于人們對涉及到馬拉松賽跑的很多事情都不了解；中國許多的業(yè)余賽跑選手忘乎所以的參與到比賽中去，這遠遠超出了他們期待自己的身體所能承受的東西，甚至忽略了身體所發(fā)出的清晰的信號，如疼痛；在中國各地，馬拉松以及其他長跑運動已迅速成為了一種很受歡迎的體育運動；與其他形式的運動相比，馬拉松比賽會帶來更高風(fēng)險的傷害；避免傷害的關(guān)鍵是通過經(jīng)常鍛煉，并意識到自己的身體狀況，以加強身體鍛煉；另外，如果賽跑選手們能更好地了解這項運動，也可以防止抽筋，昏厥和休克等情況的發(fā)生．

解答 25．was injured        考查被動語態(tài)    此處的主語"One of his riding companions"與動詞injure構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系；本句意為：他的一個騎行同伴在事故中遭受了重傷；根據(jù)上一句可知，這里講述的是8年前的事情；故用一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)was injured．       
26．when     考查從屬連詞       分析句意可知，此處引導(dǎo)的應(yīng)是時間狀語從句；意為：因此，當他兩年前參加馬拉松比賽時，他震驚地看到了頻繁的受傷，其中許多是可以避免的；故填when．
27．that      連詞that        此處用在系動詞is之后，引導(dǎo)表語從句；由于該從句不缺少任何成分并且表達了完整的意思，"在中國，人們對涉及到馬拉松賽跑的很多事情都不了解"； 故用連詞that．
28．what     考查連接代詞      此處用在介詞短語 in excess of之后，故本句是賓語從句；意為：他們期待身體所能承受的東西；此處在句中作take的賓語，意為"…的東西"；故填連接代詞what．
29．have become     考查時態(tài)     根據(jù)句意以及句中的時間狀語"in recent years"可知，此處表達的是馬拉松以及其他長跑運動對現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的影響：即它們迅速在全國各地成為一個很受歡迎的體育運動，故用現(xiàn)在完成時；由于主語"marathon and other long-distance running"指的是馬拉松以及其他長跑運動；故用have become．     
30．higher    考查形容詞的比較級        根據(jù)句意"馬拉松比賽與其他形式的運動相比會帶來更高風(fēng)險的傷害"以及句中的連詞"than"可知，這里表達的是兩者的比較；故用形容詞的比較級higher．
31．to avoid     考查固定短語        固定短語be hard to do sth．意為：難于做某事；故填to avoid．    
32．if    考查連詞    根據(jù)最后一句的句意"即使對非常有經(jīng)驗的運動員來說，雖然一些慢性損傷是難以避免的，但是如果賽跑選手們能更好地了解這項運動，抽筋，昏厥和休克是可以防止的"可知，此處引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句；故填if．

點評 本題主要考查了各種語法在短文中的具體運用．做本題時，需要在正確理解短文的前提下，逐句分析句意以及所考查到的語法現(xiàn)象；因此在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中，應(yīng)熟練掌握各種語法知識，其中包括詞法，句法，各種時態(tài)語態(tài)以及虛擬語氣等．