6.In the 1990s,when an area of Brazilian rainforest the size of Belgium was cut down every year,Brazil was the world's environmental villain(反派角色) and the Amazonian jungle the image of everything that was going wrong in green places.Now,the Amazon ought to be the image of what is going right.Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in the Brazilian Amazon region during the past decade.If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005,an extra 3.2billion tonnes of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atmosphere.That is an amount equal to a year's emissions from the European Union.Arguably,then,Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change.
But how did it break the vicious cycle(惡性循環(huán))?The answer,according to a paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans,better governance in frontier areas and consumer pressure on companies worked.
The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004.This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions.The Brazilian Forest Code said that,on every farm in the Amazon,80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve.As the study observes,this share was so high that the code could not be followed-or enforced.This was the period of the worst deforestation.Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion of soybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest.
During the second stage,which ran from 2005to 2009,the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon.Brazil's president made stopping deforestation a priority,which resulted in better co-operation between different bits of the government.The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest.
The third stage,which began in 2009,was a test of whether a system of restrictions could survive as soybean expansion continued.The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these).Farmers in the 36counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell.
By any standards,Brazil's Amazon policy has been a success,made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards,which might have been expected to have worked better.Over the period of the study,Brazil also turned itself into a farming superpower,so the country has shown it is possible to get a huge increase in food output without destroying the forest.Moreover,the policies so far have been successful among commercial farmers who care about the law and respond to market pressures.Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things,so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways,too.Deforestation has been slowed,but not yet stopped.

73.Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change becauseC.
A.it has rainforest as large as Belgium
B.it has cut down too much rainforest
C.it has taken action to reduce deforestation
D.it sent 3.2billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air
74.The underlined phrase"silver bullet"in Paragraph 2most probably refers toB.
A.a(chǎn) powerful weapon       B.a(chǎn)n effective solution
C.a(chǎn)n intelligent device   D.a(chǎn) golden opportunity
75.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?D
A.80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1st stage.
B.Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.
C.The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.
D.The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.
76.What can we infer from the last paragraph?C
A.Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation.
B.All the farmers care much about forest protection.
C.Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government.
D.Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.
77.What can be the best title of the passage?A
A.Cutting Down on Cutting Down
B.Brazil,the World Leader in Farming
C.Restrictions Outperforming Rewards
D.Former Awareness Working Wonders.

分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了巴西政府通過三個(gè)階段有效的減少了森林砍伐現(xiàn)象,從之前砍伐森林的環(huán)境破壞者變成了現(xiàn)在世界氣候變化的突出保護(hù)者,然而問題也并沒有完全解除,小佃農(nóng)們的問題還有待解決.

解答 73.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第一段"Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in the Brazilian Amazon region during the past decade",政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)顯示,過去的十年中,巴西亞馬遜地區(qū)的森林砍伐減少了70%,可知他已采取行動減少森林砍伐;故選C.
74.B.詞義推測題.該短語出現(xiàn)在第二段,文意為巴西之所以能有效控制森林砍伐,不是由于silver bullet,而是采取了三個(gè)階段逐步達(dá)成的;故選C.
75.D.推理判斷題,根據(jù)文章第五段"The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these)"政府把重點(diǎn)從農(nóng)場轉(zhuǎn)移到了各個(gè)郡(每個(gè)州都有很多這樣的地方),可知政府?dāng)U大監(jiān)管范圍;故選D.
76.C.推理判斷題,根據(jù)文章最后一段"Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things",大部分剩余的雨林現(xiàn)在由小佃農(nóng)看護(hù),而這些人對法律和市場知之甚少,可知小農(nóng)場持有者很讓巴西政府頭疼;故選C.
77.A.主旨大意題.通讀全文,全文是關(guān)于巴西政府通過三個(gè)階段有效的減少了森林砍伐現(xiàn)象,因此主要內(nèi)容為減少森林砍伐;故選A.

點(diǎn)評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.

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