Aristotle said it was the reward of an active life lived with sweet reason. Sigmund Freud said it

was mostly a matter of work and love. Charles Shultz, the cartoonist-philosopher, claimed it was really a warm puppy. So just what is the thing called happiness? For centuries, people were too busy pursuing it to spend much time analyzing it. Now a pioneering band of researchers has finally bagged the query—or at least found its measures. And their answer to the age-old mystery is that it all depends.

     Happiness, that is, depends on what makes you feel happy, which is why psychologists(心理學(xué)家)

often call it "subjective(主觀的 ) well-being". But from studies of various age and population groups in

the United States and abroad, they have reached some objective( 客觀的) conclusions on the making

of happiness. What comes up at the top of the charts is not, as many might expect, success, youth,

good looks or any of those invisible assets. The clear winner is relationships. Close ones. Followed by a

happy marriage. Next comes religious faith, of almost of any kind. "Supportive, intimate connections

with other people seem very important “, says psychologist David Myers, whose book The Pursuit of

Happiness is one of the cluster of recent publications in the field.

1. The underlined phrase "well-being" in the passage probably means__________.

A. close relationship       B. full of hope      C. personal comfort     D. success

2. The overall tone( 口吻) of this passage is__________.

A. subjective        B. objective       C. optimistic(樂觀的)   D.ynical (嘲弄的)

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科目：高中英語 來源：2008年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試江西卷英語試題 題型：閱讀理解


Despite the fact that it has never been seen almost everyone is familiar with the legendary
unicorn(獨(dú)角獸). Descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times. The great philosopher Aristotle theorized that there were two types of unicorn--- the so-called Indian Ass and the Oryx, a kind of antelope. Unicorns are often used in the logo of a noble family, town council or university as their special sign. Even Scotland is represented by a unicorn.
According to the legend, anyone attempting to catch a unicorn had to be extremely cautious
as it has a reputation for being very fierce. A clever trick suggested by unicorn-trappers, in order to catch this magnificent beast without being hurt by its horn, was for the hunter to stand in front of a tree and then to move quickly behind it as the unicorn charged. Hopefully, the creature could then be captured when its horn was stuck in the tree.
When hollowed out and used as a drinking-cup, the unicorn’s horn was said to have the power to offer protection against person. It was believed that nobody could be harmed-by drinking the contents of a unicorn’s horn. Right up until the French Revolution in 1789, the French court was said to have used cups made of “unicorn” horn in order to protect the king. In addition, the horn was said to have medicinal value, so much so that it could be sold for more than ten times the price of the same weight of gold. What, then, was “unicorn” horn? We know at times the rhino(犀牛) was confused with this legendary creature. A drinking-cup supposedly made of “unicorn” horn was discovered to be made of the horn of a rhino.
【小題1】Which of the following is TRUE of the unicorn?

A．It was not historically recordedB．Its horn was first used in France
C．It was similar to the Indian Ass and the OryxD．It could be the symbol of a university
【小題2】To catch a unicorn, the unicorn-trappers had to try all of the following EXCEPT ____.
A．tempting the unicorn to attackB．making use of the tree as a protection
C．hiding quickly behind the unicornD．having the unicorn horn stuck in the tree
【小題3】The last paragraph is mainly about ____.
A．the properties of the unicorn hornB．the users of the unicorn horn
C．the price of the unicorn horn
D．the comparison between the unicorn horn and the rhino horn
【小題4】In the last paragraph, the word “unicorn ” is in quotation marks (引號)because _____.
A．the cup is designed only for a royal family
B．the unicorn does not exist in reality
C．the unicorn is the rarest animal in the world
D．the medicinal value of the horn is appreciated

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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學(xué)年重慶市高三上學(xué)期第一次月考英語試題 題型：閱讀理解

As the forceful king of Macedonia(馬其頓), Alexander the Great overthrew the Persian Empire, becoming a hero that would survive centuries after his death.

    Born in 356 B.C., Alexander III was the son of Philip II and Olympias. Alexander’s parents wanted him to receive the finest education, and arranged for him to study under Aristotle, regarded as one of the greatest scholars.

    Alexander’s father was a strong leader. Philip II built an impressive army and established the Macedonian kingdom; he was even planning to attack Persia shortly before his death.

    In 336, Philip was murdered by one of his guards. Although it was obvious that the guard had a personal hatred, there are clues that other people were related to it.

    After Alexander was cleared as a suspect, he succeeded his father without opposition, and killed those said to be responsible for his father’s murder, as well as all rivals. He was then just 20 years old. He then prepared to attack Persia.

    In the spring of 334, Alexander led the army made up of nearly 50,000 soldiers into Asia, which is called “the most powerful military expedition ever to leave Greece”, He soundly defeated the Persian army at the Granicus River, sending a strong message to Darius III, leader of the Persian Empire.

    In 333, Alexander faced Darius at Issus, a mountain pass. The Macedonian army was greatly outnumbered but able to work the narrow mountain passageway to their advantage. Darius managed to escape. Continuing down the Mediterranean Coast, Alexander took every city in his path.

    In 332 Alexander declared Egypt to be part of the Greek Empire and was crowned Pharaoh(法老).

    When Alexander left Egypt in 331, he defeated the Persians again and was crowned leader of Asia.

    In 323, however, Alexander developed a fever on the way back home and died 10 days later at Babylon. He was just 33 years old.

1.What can we know about Philip’s death?

    A．He was killed by someone intending to take power from him.

    B．Alexander sent someone who hated Philip to kill him.

    C．His death was related to his plan of fighting Persia.

    D．The murder might be organized by a group of people.

2.The Macedonian army could defeat the Persians at Issus mainly because _________.

A．Darius didn’t command his army in the battlefield

B．Macedonian soldiers were more than the Persian soldiers

C．Macedonian soldiers could fight better at the mountain pass

D．Macedonia was more powerful than the Persian Empire

3.In which order did Alexander do the following things?

a．Totally overthrew the Persian Empire.

b．Defeated the Persian army at Issus.

c．Was crowned Pharaoh of Egypt.

d．Defeated the Persian army at the Granicus River.

e．Became the leader of Macedonia.

A．e, d, b, c, a          B．d, e, a, c, b

C．e, b, d, c, a           D．d, a, c, e, b

4.According to the passage, we can infer _________.

A．Aristotle taught Alexander how to defeat other nations

B．Alexander was happy about his father’s death

C．Persia is tougher to defeat than Egypt

D．Macedonia soon declined after Alexander died

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：20102011年海南省高一下教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測（三）英語試題 題型：閱讀理解

What is it that makes people laugh? More than two thousand years ago the ancient Greek philosopher (哲學(xué)家) Aristotle defined (定義) jokes as the pleasure that results from a feeling of triumph by showing we’re better than someone else in a certain way. According to Aristotle and many other philosophers，all jokes depend mainly on showing inferiority in another person or group of persons — that is，putting it clearly，on showing that they are worse off than ourselves. Jokes raise our good opinion of ourselves at someone else’s expense.

    Showing how much better than other people we are is only one reason we like jokes. Someone may also use a joke to express their anger or their cruelty （殘酷）or any other kind of action that is not acceptable to us. We feel free to laugh when we hear about someone sliding on a banana skin. The joke lets us express those attitudes which are usually unacceptable to society. This is probably the reason why some of the jokes，especially those involving cruelty，are so popular with certain people.

    Besides，all jokes depend on our enjoyment of laughing at something that is strange and out of place because it’s different from things which are happening around it. The same situation can be either sad or pleasant，depending entirely on how strange and out of place it is. If a girl in a bathing suit falls into a swimming pool，we don’t laugh because nothing unusual has happened. But if a man in a smart suit falls in，the situation is at once unusual in a pleasant way and we laugh. A good joke-teller will always try to build up a situation in which one thing is expected until something unexpected suddenly happens，and so we laugh.

1.The underlined word “inferiority” (in Paragraph 1) means ______.

A．someone that is better than someone else

B．something that is better than something else

C．someone that is as good as someone else

D．something that is not as good as something else

2.According to Aristotle, all jokes depend mainly on ______.

A．resulting in a sense of success

B．showing inferiority in another person or group

C．having a good opinion of other people

D．making people laugh unexpectedly

3.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?

A．To express those attitudes usually unacceptable to society is one of the reasons we like jokes.

B．When people are angry, they would like to hear jokes.

C．People who like jokes are usually cruel.

D．Showing we are better than other people is the only one reason we like jokes.

4.What will a good joke-teller always try to do? 

A．Make an unexpected thing happen in an expected situation

B．Make different things happen at the same time. 

C．Make a sad situation into a pleasant one.   

D．Make people laugh at something unusual and out of place.

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：20102011學(xué)年云南省芒市高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語試題 題型：閱讀理解

Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone do not bring lasting（永恒的、永久的） happiness. Aristotle (亞里士多德), a Greek thinker, said, “Happiness depends upon ourselves.” In other words, we make our own happiness. Here are a few suggestions to help you be happier.

The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future —for example, getting into college or getting a good job —that we fail to enjoy the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have several close friends often live happier and healthier lives.

Another secret to living a happy life is to be active, and have hobbies where you forget your problems and time. Many people experience this dancing, or playing a sport, such as swimming. You can forget about your problems, and only think about the activity. Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. Studies show that people feel good when they spend their time helping others. If you want to feel happier, do good things for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to buy food for an elderly person, or simply help out around the house by washing the dishes.

 

1. The best title（標(biāo)題）of the passage is ________.

A. Money Makes You Happy               

B. The Secrets of Happiness

C. Ideas for Helping Other People to Be Happy   

D. Good Friends Make You Happy

2. The second paragraph tells us that ________.

A. the more friends you have, the happier you will be

B. we shouldn’t think about our future

C. happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life.

D. some people fail to live a happy life

3. The passage gives us ________ pieces of advice on happiness.

A. one       B. two      C. three       D. four

4. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?

A. Reading a good book.        

B. Traveling to a foreign country.

C. Playing a sport.            

D. Spending time with close friends.

 

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：2008年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試江西卷英語試題 題型：閱讀理解

Despite the fact that it has never been seen almost everyone is familiar with the legendary

unicorn(獨(dú)角獸). Descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times. The great philosopher Aristotle theorized that there were two types of unicorn--- the so-called Indian Ass and the Oryx, a kind of antelope. Unicorns are often used in the logo of a noble family, town council or university as their special sign. Even Scotland is represented by a unicorn.

According to the legend, anyone attempting to catch a unicorn had to be extremely cautious

as it has a reputation for being very fierce. A clever trick suggested by unicorn-trappers, in order to catch this magnificent beast without being hurt by its horn, was for the hunter to stand in front of a tree and then to move quickly behind it as the unicorn charged. Hopefully, the creature could then be captured when its horn was stuck in the tree.

When hollowed out and used as a drinking-cup, the unicorn’s horn was said to have the power to offer protection against person. It was believed that nobody could be harmed-by drinking the contents of a unicorn’s horn. Right up until the French Revolution in 1789, the French court was said to have used cups made of “unicorn” horn in order to protect the king. In addition, the horn was said to have medicinal value, so much so that it could be sold for more than ten times the price of the same weight of gold. What, then, was “unicorn” horn? We know at times the rhino(犀牛) was confused with this legendary creature. A drinking-cup supposedly made of “unicorn” horn was discovered to be made of the horn of a rhino.

1.Which of the following is TRUE of the unicorn?

A．It was not historically recorded

B．Its horn was first used in France

C．It was similar to the Indian Ass and the Oryx

D．It could be the symbol of a university

2.To catch a unicorn, the unicorn-trappers had to try all of the following EXCEPT ____.

A．tempting the unicorn to attack

B．making use of the tree as a protection

C．hiding quickly behind the unicorn

D．having the unicorn horn stuck in the tree

3.The last paragraph is mainly about ____.

A．the properties of the unicorn horn

B．the users of the unicorn horn

C．the price of the unicorn horn

D．the comparison between the unicorn horn and the rhino horn

4.In the last paragraph, the word “unicorn ” is in quotation marks (引號)because _____.

A．the cup is designed only for a royal family

B．the unicorn does not exist in reality

C．the unicorn is the rarest animal in the world

D．the medicinal value of the horn is appreciated

 

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