Question

How we look and how we appear to others probably worry us more when we arc in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life．Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion．
Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner．If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment．
Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress．A barber today does not cut a boy's hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did．The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we arc constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we arc odd or dull.
What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion．Take hats for example- In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside．In recent times,   President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example．
There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion．In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable．After World War Ⅱ , they dropped to ankle length．Then they got shorter and shorter and the miniskirt was in fashion．After a few more years, skirts became longer again．
Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be．It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else．Within reason, you can dress as you tike or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion．The popularity of jeans and the "untidy" look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses．
小題1:What do the fashion magazines or TV advertisements claim to bring us? （No more than 2 words）
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小題2:Why does the writer take President Kennedy as an example? （No more than 14 words）
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小題3:What does the writer try to explain by talking about short skirts? （No more than 8 words）
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小題4:Why are jeans so popular according to the writer? （No more than 10 words）
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Answer 1

小題1:Confidence
小題2:To show the fancy of an  influential person can establish a fashion
小題3:There is a cyclical pattern in fashion
小題4:Because it is a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion.

試題分析：文章通過舉例介紹時(shí)尚的變化是由什么引起的，時(shí)尚的變化有什么特點(diǎn)。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment．可知時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告可以讓我們自信，填Confidence
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：文章第四段說Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion．后面提到肯尼迪的例子，就是說明名人可以建立時(shí)尚，To show the fancy of an  influential person can establish a fashion
小題3:文章倒數(shù)第二段的句子;There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion．后面提到短裙，說明時(shí)尚是有周期的：There is a cyclical pattern in fashion
小題4:從最后一段的句子：The popularity of jeans and the "untidy" look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses．可知牛仔褲的流行說明是在反對越來越貴的時(shí)尚。Because it is a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion.