14.What motivates(激發(fā)) us to take on life's challenges?Is it money,fame,power,or something else?Most businesses operate today on the carrot-and-stick system of rewards(獎(jiǎng)賞) and punishments.Employees are rewarded for good performance,and punished for performing badly.This usually works well in situations where workers are performining simple tasks,like cheching products or packing boxes.
However,for jobs that repuire creativity,such as writing or designing,it's a different matter.In actual fact,people in these jobs are not so much motivated by outer factors like cash rewards.They do their job because they like it.They like the challenge of it,they like the mastery of it,they like the creativity that it requires.These factors are generally called inner motivators,which can be further broken down into autonomy,mastery and purpose.
Autonomy refers to self-direction.The greatest things that have happened in all kinds of societies--western,eastern,modern,ancient-have been the result of people being able to do what they wanted to do.People,like these Iranian portesters in July 2009,follow the human nature to resist(抵制) control and direct their own lives.
Mastery is the desire to become better at something that matters.A recent Harvard business school research shows that the biggest motivator at work by far is making porgress.People,making progress one day,are more likely to be motivated to make greater progress the next day.
And finally,purpose,to do what we do in service of something larger than ourselves.It is not necessarily something like reducing-green-house gases from the atmosphere,but can be simply writing a great story that helps people understand world a little bit better or creating something that brings beauty to somebody's life.
Today's business managers,facing the increasingly competitive pressures of a global marketplace,should question their traditional attitudes about what actually motivates us as humans.

57.According to the text,if Jack is a designer,he is most probably motivated byD.
A.The carrot-and-stick system    B.cash rewards
C.outer factors                  D.mastery
58.The ujnderlined part in the third paragraph is meant toB.
A.suggest that Iranian people desire freedom
B.show that people tend to guide themselves
C.prove that autonomy can make people great
D.encourage people to do whatever they want
59.It seems that the authorB.
A.regards purpose as the most important inner factors
B.is persuading managers to turn to inner motivators
C.Thinks reducing greenhouse gases is not necessary
D.is doubtful about what on earth motivates people
60.Which of the following shows the organization of the text?A

分析 這是一篇說(shuō)明文.對(duì)于那些要求創(chuàng)造力的工作,激發(fā)員工動(dòng)力的因素有三個(gè)方面:自我引導(dǎo),優(yōu)勢(shì),目的.

解答 57.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.題目里Jack是一名設(shè)計(jì)師,屬于要求有創(chuàng)造力的工作.在第二段提到這類(lèi)工作需要"they like the mastery"而不是需要"outer factors",A、B和C均為外在因素,故排除選D.
58.B 推理判斷題.第三段主題句為"Autonomy refers to self-direction",意為"自我引導(dǎo)".然后緊接著舉例子,"like these Iranian portesters in July 2009",所以這個(gè)例子為進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明主題句.
59.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.最后一段"Today's business managers,should question their traditional attitudes about what actually motivates us as humans."可以看出,作者建議經(jīng)理們注重激發(fā)員工的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力.故選B.
60.A 主旨結(jié)構(gòu)題.瀏覽全文可知,第一段和第二段為并列段落,分別介紹了激發(fā)動(dòng)力的外在因素和內(nèi)在因素,第二、三、四段分別從三個(gè)方面闡述內(nèi)在因素,最后一段為總結(jié)段落.故結(jié)構(gòu)為A.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 本篇閱讀理解難度適中,要求考生在做題時(shí)首先縱觀全文,抓住每段主題句,以及文章結(jié)構(gòu),提高答題正確率.

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