【題目】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. We know that, while awake,fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加強(qiáng))connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神經(jīng)元)in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep,showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi`s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night`s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information —our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapscs become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.

A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. Ti's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

【答案】C；E；F；G；B
【解析】這篇文章出自《可能最終揭露大腦對我們睡眠的神秘作用》，作者克萊爾威爾遜．體裁依然是�？嫉恼f明文，主要探討了動物（包括人類）睡眠的原因，提出了兩種假設(shè)"幫助鞏固新的記憶"和"為明天的全新記憶騰出空間"．其中，后一種假設(shè)得到了實(shí)驗(yàn)的支持，為越來越多的人所認(rèn)可．同時，提出該假設(shè)的研究人員也指出，重要的記憶是不會被清除的，而是被保留下來，成為永久記憶．
1．C 推理判斷題 該空為首段最后一句．該段首句指出，所有動物（包括人）都會睡眠，但原因仍然是謎．接下來是具體例證，說明睡眠是一種普遍現(xiàn)象，如實(shí)驗(yàn)室的老鼠被剝奪了睡眠，一個月內(nèi)就會死亡，而同樣地，人類如果連續(xù)幾天不睡覺，就會生病，所以答案選C．
2．E 推理判斷題 該空為第二段的第二句話．第二段首句提出了第一個假設(shè)，睡眠幫助我們鞏固新的記憶．與這個論點(diǎn)相呼應(yīng)的例子是E項(xiàng)，該項(xiàng)第一個詞that指代的就是前面的假設(shè)．也就是說，這個假設(shè)能夠解釋為什么學(xué)生如果能在學(xué)習(xí)之后睡覺休息，會在考試中發(fā)揮更好，所以答案選E．
3．F 推理判斷題 該空為第三段最后一句話，是對該段前面內(nèi)容的總結(jié)．同時，結(jié)合第四段第一句話中的代詞he可以知道，該空中必然包含一個人名，否則he就失去了所指對象．選項(xiàng)中包含人名的選項(xiàng)有F和G，但只有F選項(xiàng)能與第三段的內(nèi)容銜接．也就是說，睡眠會幫助清除一部分記憶，為新記憶騰出空間．按照研究人員Tononi的話說，"睡眠是我們?yōu)閷W(xué)習(xí)付出的代價"．
4．G 推理判斷題 該空為第四段第二句話．第四段首句說現(xiàn)在我們有直接證據(jù)證明Tononi的假設(shè)是對的，那接下來應(yīng)該是具體描述該證據(jù)．此外，該空后面一句話揭示了實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和意義．綜合看來，只有G選項(xiàng)符合題意，指出了研究團(tuán)隊(duì)、實(shí)驗(yàn)對象以及實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容．
5．B 推理判斷題 該空為尾段的倒數(shù)第二句話，應(yīng)該與其前后的句子意義連貫．該空前面一句里出現(xiàn)了protect、stay，而該空后面一句出現(xiàn)了keep、matter，正好與該選項(xiàng)里的preserve和important呼應(yīng)．也就是說，重要的記憶會被保留下來．故答案選B．

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