6.In recent years in America,the mandatory sentencing(強(qiáng)制判刑) movement has really changed the US prison size.The mandatory sentencing movement typically stated the minimum number of prison years for certain crimes people committed.It swept the United States in the 1970s,driving the state prison population up from less than 200,000to about 1.4million today and made prisoning budgets the second-fastest-growing state expense,only second to Medic-aid.But the current sentencing reforms in a growing number of states are starting to reverse that trend-causing the prison population to decline by about 3.8percent since 2009.
Central to the state reforms is a relatively new and more complicated way of information analysis about the law-breaker-including criminal history,drug abuse(濫用) and instances of anti-social behavior-to assess the likelihood of that individual's committing a new crime.And by examining data,the states can revise policies to discourage them from going back to prison.
Many states have found that many people go back to prison not for committing new crimes but for technical mild violations(違反),like failing drug tests or abnormal behaviors due to mental problems.With that knowledge,these states have moved to less costly and more effective actions to replace jail stay.Today,they tend more to send these people for community service.
Some states are also jumping at what is known as the"justice reinvestment"approach,under which they channel significant sums of money into the existing programs on drug treatment and mental health,two main issues behind crimes for many law-breakers.
Despite the advantages of a risk-assessment approach,some states are still flying blind mainly because they don't have the resources to gather data.Moreover,a study has noted,handling high-risk and low-risk criminals in the same way is a big mistake,as"low risk individuals have an increased likelihood of committing crimes again when they receive treatment or services in the same programs as medium-and high-risk individuals."

(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
78.The mandatory sentencing movement had greatly increased prison population throughstating a minimum number of prison years for certain crimes.
79.What is the essential content of today's sentencing reforms?Anew and more complicated way of criminal information analysis
80.What is many states'softer punishment for minor offences?communityservice.
81.Risk-assessment method is not adopted by all the states primarily because oflack of resources.

分析 本文講述了在最近的幾年,美國(guó)采取了強(qiáng)制判刑的制度使美國(guó)囚犯的人數(shù)急劇下降.

解答 78.stating a minimum number of prison years for certain crimes 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.第一段The mandatory sentencing movement typically stated the minimum number of prison years for certain crimes people committed可以看出,強(qiáng)制判刑制度使美國(guó)囚犯數(shù)量增加主要是通過(guò)最闡述某種罪行的最低監(jiān)禁年數(shù).由此可以概括出答案.
79.A new and more complicated way of criminal information analysis.細(xì)節(jié)概括題.第一段提到美國(guó)監(jiān)獄制度進(jìn)行了改革,主要內(nèi)容 a relatively new and more complicated way of information analysis,即用一種相對(duì)新并且更復(fù)雜的信息分析方式.
80.community service.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.在第三段內(nèi)容里,提到美國(guó)有些州采取更有效的方法來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)犯罪,more effective actions to replace jail stay.Today,they tend more to send these people for community service.即讓這些人到社區(qū)去進(jìn)行服務(wù).抓住關(guān)鍵詞如community service.
81.lack of resources 細(xì)節(jié)概括題.最后一段Despite the advantages of a risk-assessment approach,some states are still flying blind mainly because they don't have the resources to gather data這句可以看出,有些州不采取Risk-assessment 主要因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)鄙偈占@些數(shù)據(jù)的資源.有些關(guān)鍵詞可以提示答案比如 because 但要控制字?jǐn)?shù).

點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是敘述類的閱讀表達(dá),要求學(xué)生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)短文后的題目,在文中找到相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,并用簡(jiǎn)潔、準(zhǔn)確的句子,將理解的內(nèi)容,書面表達(dá)出來(lái).做題時(shí),注意表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不要超出規(guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù).

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