Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of correct answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.
Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.
Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.
The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook (小溪); someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.
Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter—a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter—a person who made pots and pans.
The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.
Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.
Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.
小題1: Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?
A．Places where people lived.B．People’s characters.
C．Talents that people possessed. D．People’s occupations.
小題2:According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______.
A．owned or drove a cartB．made things with metals
C．made kitchen tools or containers.D．built houses and furniture.
小題3:Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named ________.
A．Beatrice SmithB．Leonard Carter
C．George LongstreetD．Donald Greenwood

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:D

試題分析：你知道人類名字的來源和意義嗎？ 人的名字由他們的父母選擇。有時用祖父母或者其他的家庭成員的名字。一些家長選擇的一個著名的人的名字。有些人給他們的孩子的名字的意思是美好的東西。 最早的姓氏來自地名。 其他早期的姓氏來自人們的工作。人們有時會用一些人的頭發(fā)和皮膚的顏色，或個頭大小，或其特殊能力特點來命名。孩子通過給父姓添加一些什么得來。說英語的人加–s或–son。 愛爾蘭和蘇格蘭人加Mac 或者Mc或者O。
小題1:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中介紹可知，最早的姓氏來自1.人們生活的地點；2.人們的工作；3.與他們的特殊能力有關(guān)。沒說人的姓與人的性格有關(guān)。故選B項。
小題2:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Potter—a person who made pots and pans.（Potter是一個制作鍋的人。）
可知選C 。
小題3: 推理判斷 題。根據(jù)The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.和Donald means “world ruler”可知，如果一對夫婦他們的祖先住在茂密的森林附近，想讓他們新出生的孩子將來成為一個“世界的統(tǒng)治者”，那么叫Donald Greenwood最合適，所以選D。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Today's word, pan, takes us back to the days of the gold rush in California.
On January 24th, 1848, a man named James Wilson Marshall discovered gold in California. The news spread quickly. Thousands rushed west. They traveled on foot, on horseback and by boat to reach the gold fields. By 1849, the great gold rush was on. Towns and cities grew overnight. Throughout California --- in the mountains, along the streams and rivers --- thousands of people searched for gold.
Some found areas of mountain rock thick with gold. These men got rich. But such areas were few and quickly claimed by the first men to find them. Others searched for gold in the rivers coming down the mountains. They were after pieces of gold that the rains had washed down from above .
The only way to find this gold was by panning. First a gold miner put dirt in a metal pan and added water. Then he shook the pan so that the water would wash the dirt. Slowly, he poured the water out of the pan. If he was a lucky miner, pieces of gold would remain.
Across the nation, newspapers carried stories of the gold being found. Each one hoped that the place he claimed panned out well --- had some gold.
For many, gold mining did not pan out. For a few, it panned out well. But in time, huge machines were built that could wash many tons of dirt at a time. Panning died out.
The word, however, remained in the language. Today, Americans still say, “ It panned out well ,” when something they have done pleases them. A business, a discovery, a simple event pans out well if it is successful. Unhappily, sometimes things do not pan out.
In recent years, the word pan has taken on another meaning. Today, it also means to criticize. How it got this meaning is hard to discover. But the job of a critic is to sometimes pan the work of a writer, artist or singer.
小題1:Why did so many people flood to California in 1848?
A．Because towns and cities there developed quickly.
B．Because the mountains in California were a great place for travel.
C．Because they wanted to get rich by looking for gold.
D．Because the land of California was fertile at that time.
小題2:The underlined part “It panned out well" in Paragraph 7 has the same meaning as “______”
A．Everything turned out wellB．Nothing could be worse
C．It's not the caseD．It's a pity
小題3:What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To tell us some stories about the gold rush.
B．To introduce the word "pan" in American English.
C．To teach us how to look for gold in rivers.
D．To introduce the history of the gold rush in California

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Sports are by nature competitive. But recently, the over-competitive nature youth sports seem to have taken on has led to cause for ____.
Those who are strongly against competition point out that in a competition, only one wins while the rest ____. They argue that competition leads children to define themselves by the outcome, tying their self-esteem(自尊心) up with their ability to ____ others. They further argue that competition causes anxiety, affects learning and causes children to view others as____ to their success. Competition restricts participation and ___ success. A “win-at-all-costs” mentality can cause children to pay little attention to honesty and fair play.
On the opposite side of the debate are those who view competition as a ____ part of American society. They argue that placing kids in a competitive situation such as sports helps prepare them for a(n) ____ life in our society that is full of competition. ____ is a normal part of human nature and part of everyday life. Other arguments ____ competitive sports are that they provide challenges, help kids develop skills, and teach them how to get along with others.
The third side of this debate says that a little competition can’t be that ____, as long as competition does not get out of hand and take on a “win-at-all-costs” mentality. They claim that competition in itself is not bad and it can serve as a ____ of social comparison, necessary for adolescents to see how ____ they are. Their advice is to introduce competition ____ while focusing more on mastery and cooperation during childhood. The gradual shift toward competition will allow children to build skills, participate fully, and focus on ____ rather than winning.
It is important that you consider all of the possible ____ of competition before you put your child in a competitive situation.
小題1:
A．a(chǎn)larmB．concernC．optimismD．a(chǎn)ccident
小題2:
A．followB．stopC．failD．return
小題3:
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小題4:
A．ticketsB．barriersC．roadsD．invitations
小題5:
A．refusesB．limitsC．imaginesD．stresses
小題6:
A．healthyB．popularC．hardD．missing
小題7:
A．politicalB．earlyC．a(chǎn)dultD．daily
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A．Disagreement B．MotivationC．DifficultyD．Competition
小題9:
A．doubtingB．a(chǎn)ttackingC．supportingD．ignoring
小題10:
A．necessaryB．badC．interestingD．boring
小題11:
A．sampleB．productC．subjectD．means
小題12:
A．uniqueB．youngC．normalD．skillful
小題13:
A．graduallyB．eventuallyC．widelyD．forcefully
小題14:
A．observingB．teachingC．playingD．growing
小題15:
A．benefitsB．outcomesC．responsibilitiesD．methods

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It is one of the most annoying words in the English language and it seems there is no escaping it. The word “huh?” is in worldwide use, a study found.
Researchers discovered that languages spoken in countries from Ghana and Laos to Iceland and Italy all include “huh?”, or something that sounds very like it. They said that while the study may sound silly, the word is an absolutely necessary part of speech. Without it and similar words, it would be impossible to show that we haven’t heard or understood what had been said and this would lead to constant misunderstandings.
But while other words used in the same context, such as “sorry” or “what”, vary widely across languages, “huh?” remains unchanged.
The Dutch researchers carefully studied ten languages from around the world, including Siwu, which is spoken in Ghana, and an Australian Aboriginal language, as well as Italian, Spanish, Dutch and Mandarin Chinese.
They analysed tapes of recorded conversations for words that sounded like “huh?” and were used to request that whatever had just been said be repeated. All contained a version of “huh?”. The word was also found in another 21 languages. While there were subtle differences in each country, all sounded basically the same.
This is surprising because normally unrelated languages will use very different words to describe the same thing. For instance, the Japanese for “dog” is “inu”, while the French is “chien”. It is thought that languages around the world have developed their own version of “huh?” because the sound is quick and simple to form, as well as being easily understood.
The researchers, said that it might seem unimportant to carry out scientific research into a word like “huh?” but in fact this little word is an essential tool in human communication. They also have an answer for those who claim that “huh?” isn’t a word. They say that it qualifies because of the small differences in its pronunciation in different languages. It also can be considered a word because it’s something we learn to say, rather than a grunt or cry that we are born knowing how to make.
小題1: According to researchers, the word “huh?” is very important in speech because of ________.
A．its stable meaning in language development
B．its important function in communication
C．its simple and easy sound and spelling
D．its popularity in every language
小題2:What is the natural response if you hear the lady you’re speaking to say “huh?”?
A．You should ask her to repeat what she says before that.
B．You should apologize to her for speaking in a low voice.
C．You should invite her to share her different views politely.
D．You should try to repeat what you’ve just said in a clearer way.
小題3:The main method used in the research of “huh?” was ________.
A．interviewing language experts in universities
B．talking with people from ten different countries
C．a(chǎn)nalyzing the recorded conversations in different languages
D．comparing different words with the same meaning in different languages
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A．it is listed in most dictionaries
B．it is something humans learn to say
C．there is a clear and consistent spelling of the word
D．there is a big difference in the way it pronounces in different languages
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A．To inform readers about research on the worldwide used word “huh?”.
B．To argue that “huh?” is the most important word in every language.
C．To entertain readers by relating similar idioms in different languages.
D．To instruct readers of the differences of “huh?” in different languages.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

England was one of the first countries to set aside a day to recognize mothers．In the eighteenth century,      many people worked as household servants for the     , "Mothering Sunday" was _    for them to return home to be with their mothers．Though this      stopped when the Industrial Revolution altered the working and living patterns of people, one     for mothers was established as a holiday in the twentieth century．
In the United States, Mother's Day did not become a（n）       holiday until 1915．Its establishment was      due to the perseverance and love of one     , Anna Jarvis．Anna's mother had provided strength and support as the family     their home in West Virginia and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania     her father served as a minister．
When Mrs Jarvis died on May 5, 1905, Anna was determined to       her．She asked a minister at the church in West Virginia to give a sermon（布道）     memory of her mother．
On the same Sunday in Philadelphia, ministers there honoured Mrs.Jarvis and all mothers with a (n)     Mother's Day service．Anna Jarvis began writing to congressmen, asking them to       a day to honour mothers. In 1910, the governor of West Virginia proclaimed(宣布) the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day and a year later every state       it．
On Mother' s Day morning some American children      the tradition of serving their mothers breakfast in bed．Other children will give their mothers      which they have made themselves or bought in     ．Adults give their mothers red carnations, the official Mother's Day flower．If their mothers     , they may bring white carnations to their grave（墳?zāi)梗﹕ites．This is the busiest day of the year for American       ．On the special day, family members do not want Mom to cook dinner!
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A．beforeB．sinceC．whenD．until
小題2:
A．richB．poorC．livingD．injured
小題3:
A．protectedB．reservedC．changedD．persuaded
小題4:
A．formB．customC．habitD．plan
小題5:
A．MondayB．WednesdayC．SundayD．Friday
小題6:
A．ordinaryB．commonC．regularD．official
小題7:
A．nearlyB．largelyC．deeplyD．highly
小題8:
A．motherB．sisterC．daughterD．waitress
小題9:
A．destroyedB．foundC．madeD．left
小題10:
A．whereB．whenC．whyD．how
小題11:
A．rewardB．honourC．a(chǎn)wardD．inspire
小題12:
A．onB．a(chǎn)tC．inD．for
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A．specialB．expensiveC．simpleD．easy
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A．put offB．give upC．take onD．set aside
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A．understoodB．receivedC．celebratedD．prevented
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A．followB．refuseC．a(chǎn)cceptD．support
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A．lettersB．giftsC．callsD．toys
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A．schoolsB．churchesC．storesD．hospitals
小題19:
A．went aheadB．moved onC．stayed upD．passed away
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The world’s native languages are dying out at an unprecedented(空前的) rate, taking with them irreplaceable(不能替代的) knowledge about the natural world, according to a new study.
The study identified five global “hot spots” where languages are vanishing faster than anywhere else ---- eastern Siberia, northern Australia, central South America, the US state of Oklahoma and the US Pacific Northwest. “Languages are suffering a global extinction crisis that greatly goes beyond the pace of species extinction,” linguistics(語言學(xué)的) professor David Harrison noted, who said half of the world’s 7,000 languages were expected to disappear before the end of the century.
Native people had an intimate(詳盡的) knowledge of their environment that was lost when their language disappeared, along with other certain things often unfamiliar to us, Harrison stressed. “Most of what we know about species and ecosystems is not written down anywhere, it’s only in people’s heads,” he said. “We are seeing in front of our eyes the loss of the human knowledge base.”
Harrison was one of a team of linguists who carried out the study. The researchers traveled to Australia this year to study native languages, some of the most endangered. According to Harrison, in Australia, they were heartened to see a woman in her 80s who was one of the only three remaining speakers of the Yawuru language passing on her knowledge to schoolchildren. He said such inter-generational exchanges were the only way native languages could survive. “The children had elected to take this course, no one forced them,” he said. “When we asked them why they were learning it, they said,‘This is a dying language, we need to learn it’.” Also, while there they found a man with knowledge of the  Amurdag  language, which had previously been thought extinct.
The researchers said all five of the hot spots identified were areas that had been successfully colonized and where a dominant language such as Spanish or English was threatening native tongues.
小題1:What does this text mainly talk about?
A．A study on native languages endangered.
B．The knowledge of native languages.
C．People’s efforts in saving native languages.
D．Harrison and his study on languages.
小題2:The underlined word“vanishing”in the second paragraph can be best replaced by        .
A．developingB．changingC．increasingD．Disappearing
小題3:According to Harrison, language extinction        .
A．causes the researchers lots of worries
B．speeds up the pace of species extinction
C．threatens the existing of Spanish and English
D．brings about a loss of knowledge about the environment
小題4:Which of the following can be described as good news?
A．Native languages became less endangered in Australia.
B．A man was found with knowledge of the Amurdag language.
C．Researchers were well received by native people in Australia.
D．Many schoolchildren showed interest in the Yawuru language.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Melbourne, with a population of over 3.5 million, is the second largest city in Australia. It is clean, safe, dynamic and exciting, and well known internationally for its universities and other educational institutions. The city has well-planned tree-lined wide streets and many beautiful parks and gardens. It has a good transport system of roads, buses, trains, and trams. The La Trobe University campus is connected to the Central Business District by trams, express buses, and bus and train connections. Melbourne is a culturally rich city, and is home to large communities of people from all parts of Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The city is famous for its restaurants, theatres, music, opera, ballet, art, culture, and shops, and a lively and dynamic nightlife. Melbourne people are fond of sports, and the city hosts many famous international sports events. Near Melbourne there are beautiful coastlines with excellent beaches, national parks, forests, wineries (葡萄酒廠), winter snowfields and summer resorts. The climate is temperate and comfortable, with warm summers and cool winters. In summer, maximum daytime temperatures range from 26°C to 36°C, and in winter from 12°C to 18°C. The weather in Melbourne can be variable from day to day. Melbourne was rated the world's best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit.
小題1: Melbourne is well-known in the world for its _____.
A．large populationB．educational institutions
C．transport systemD．beautiful parks and gardens
小題2:According to the passage, Melbourne is a city where _____.
A．rich people choose to liveB．the best wine is produced
C．various cultures existD．Asian food is popular
小題3:The underlined word “temperate” most probably means _____.
A．hotB．mildC．dryD．cold
小題4:The best title for the passage might be _____.
A．An Ideal Place for ShoppingB．A City with the Best Climate
C．The World's Best City to Live inD．The World's Most Beautiful City

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Although in the 17th century in the United States fine art and folk art had similar qualities, a difference between them began to appear as time went on in the 18th and 19th centuries artists with ambition studied abroad and came back to paint portraits(肖像) of upper-class families in American society. The less ambitious or less fortunate artists traveled around their own areas and created pictures of countryside society. Anyway, artists got trained and those simple creations improved a lot.
Around 1930，folk art began to take on a new meaning and was considered as an expression of a small cultural class. Folk art is never the product of art movements, but comes out of craft traditions. This art is based not on measurements or calculations and rarely goes with the standards of realism. It goes straight to the bases of art which the folk artists feel naturally.
The period 1930~ 1960 was the time when folk artists began to receive recognition. They often began their art careers late in life and used art as an outlet（出口） for their energy. Their materials were cheap and simple, their subjects were different, but their creativity flowed. Doing their own things became the norm（標準）, and was what made folk art so desirable.
Although it is hard to define folk art, one thing is certain --- it touches us in a special way because the artists show us how he or she brought beauty into their everyday life. Since folk artists come from all walks of life, each piece of art created is one of a kind, emphasizing color, simplicity of line and brave, simple form. Most importantly, it exemplifies（作為…的例子） the history of American life.
小題1:What similar qualities did folk art and fine art probably have in the 17th century?
A．They were both simple creations.
B．The artists of both focused on family life.
C．The artists of both came from the lower class.
D．They were both gifted creations by trained artists.
小題2: What was folk art around 1930 based on according to the second paragraph?
A．The traditions of the upper class.
B．The progress of art in that period.
C．The standards of realism.
D．The feelings of the artists.
小題3:Which of the following statements can be used to describe the works of folk artists?
A．They are difficult to understand.
B．They help artists let out their energy.
C．They show pictures of unreal life.
D．They are similar to one another.
小題4:Why did folk art become popular during the period from 1930 to 1960?
A．It offered artists the freedom of expression.
B．Artists didn’t need to spend much on materials.
C．Other kinds of art couldn’t express the beauty of life.
D．Artists could express their dissatisfaction towards society.
小題5:The author’s purpose in writing the text is to ___________. 
A．speak highly of folk art
B．compare folk art and fine art
C．explain the history and characteristics of folk art in America
D．explain the development and changes of American art

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. However, dogs without owners to care for lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog’s life, describes a person who has an unhappy existence.
Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog.
Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.
Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways. People who are unkind or uncaring can be described meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite.
Husbands and wives use this doghouse term when they are angry at each other. For example, a woman might get angry at her husband for coming home late or forgetting their wedding anniversary. She might tell him that he is in the doghouse. She may not treat him nicely until he apologizes. However, the husband may decide that it is best to leave things alone and not create more problems. He might decide to let sleeping dogs lie.
Dog expressions also are used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.
小題1:To achieve success, you must ______.
A．feel dog-tired
B．work like a dog
C．become sick as a dog
D．be meaner than a junkyard dog
小題2: To everyone’s surprise, Jack has been employed by a big company, about which we can say, “_______”.
A．Every dog has its day
B．Jack works like a dog
C．His bark is worse than his bite
D．Jack really lives in a dog-eat-dog world
小題3:What kind of people live a difficult life?
A．Those who are in the doghouse.
B．Those who have the dog days.
C．Those who lead a dog’s life.
D．Those whose bark is worse than his bite.
小題4:What does the article mainly talk about?
A．Dogs’ life in America.
B．How to treat dogs well.
C．Why Americans love dogs.
D．Expressions with the word “dog”.

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