Question

What happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34adults, men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (腦震蕩) in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can't be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at a Radiological Society of North America meeting last month, the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is "similar to those seen in traumatic (外傷的) brain injury", like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported, even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
【小題1】The passage is most probably a______.

A．news report	B．research report
C．story for soccer players	D．text for doctors

【小題2】In which way can we find the structural changes in the brain?

A．Computerized test.	B．Questionnaire..
C．Scanning.	D．M.R.I. technique.

【小題3】From the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have_____.

A．significant effect on brain	B．little effect on one's brain
C．nothing to do with the brain injury	D．one's memory improved

【小題4】What is likely to be the cause of memory loss?

A．Playing soccer frequently.	B．Tests of their memory.
C．White matter loss.	D．Information processing.

【小題5】The underlined word "fumbling" is closest in meaning to______.

A．remembering	B．misunderstanding
C．recalling	D．missing

Answer 1

【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】A
【小題4】C
【小題5】D

解析試題分析：這篇文章主要講了研究表明用頭頂足球，可造成腦部白質(zhì)的缺失，從而影響記憶、注意力以及視力。
【小題1】這篇文章主要講了用頭頂足球，對(duì)腦部造成的傷害，所以這是一篇研究報(bào)告，故選B。
【小題2】根據(jù)using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can't be seen during most scans，故選D。
【小題3】根據(jù)the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.所以答案為A。
【小題4】根據(jù)loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times，因此選C。
【小題5】根據(jù)the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.可猜出"fumbling"意思是丟失的，因此選D。
考點(diǎn)：健康保健類(lèi)短文閱讀理解
點(diǎn)評(píng)：要想答好題目，重在理解全文意思。這篇文章比較難，先看問(wèn)題，再帶著問(wèn)題讀短文，找出各段落的主旨句，理解全文內(nèi)容，總結(jié)全文中心，然后再回到問(wèn)題上來(lái)，很容易選出正確答案。多了解一些常識(shí)性知識(shí)有利于閱讀理解。如果對(duì)文章的相關(guān)背景有所了解，讀起文章一定既省時(shí)又省力。因此，在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，了解各方面的背景知識(shí)是十分重要的。