Question

10．"All right then-Just one more piece…"Words every girl has said when faced with That ail-too delicious cheesecake．Of course，many of us know we may eat the whole thing in the end．
     It isn't just girls．Most of us find it hard to hold back．However，scientists now say that willpower （意志力） is the key to success and a happy life．
     Scientists in different countries have been studying the effects of willpower on people's lives for a long time．The results are alike，according to an article on February 7 in the Guardian．
     In one experiment，scientists told young children that．they could either have a marsh-mallow （圓形軟糖）now，or two marshmallows in 15 minutes．Waiting obviously needed more willpower．Scientists then tracked the children as they grew up．They wanted to see if certain children always had stronger willpower．They also wanted to see how having stronger willpower affected their lives．
     Years later，scientists found that the children who had waited for two marshmallows were all healthier，happier and richer adults．In contrast，the children who had shown weaker willpower at that young age were more likely to be in low-paid jobs，to be overweight，to have drug or alcohol problems，to divorce or to commit crimes．
     But there is hope，Roy F Baumeister，an American social psychology professor told the Guardian．Baumeister says we can train our willpower just like we train our muscles．Even a little practice can strengthen our overall self-control as long as we do it regularly and frequently．
     You could start by making yourself stand up straight，speaking in complete sentences，or using a computer mouse with the other hand．Scientists have found that people who manage to change little habits often perform much．better in lab willpower tests．
     Like muscles，willpower can"get tired"．You should avoid trying to do too many things at the same time，or when you don't have enough energy for example when you are ill．If you already feel tired，you can try to recharge （恢復(fù)） your willpower with a good night's sleep and by eating well．
57•Thee example of a girl eating cheesecake is used toA．
     A•introduce the issue of willpower     
     B．show how easily people give in to their desires
     C．prove most girls lack willpower．
     D•indicate the connection between willpower an success
58．What can we infer from the experiment？B
     A•The scientists did not expect the results to turn out as they did．
     B•The children who chose to wait were likely to succeed in their future careers and lives．
     C•It indicated that willpower is the most important factor for success．
     D•The children who only accepted one marshmallow at that start had stronger willpower．
 59．Why can we say that willpower is like our muscles？D
     a．You shouldn't overuse it．．
     b．Rest and good food are good for it．
     c•Setting goals is good for it．
     d•It needs regular exercise．
     A．a(chǎn)bc            B．a(chǎn)cd               C．bcd             D．a(chǎn)bd         
60．What is the article mainly about？C
     A•What the effect of willpower is．
     B•How willpower and muscles are similar．
     C•The significance of willpower and how we can strengthen it．
     D•How willpower is linked to success．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇調(diào)查報(bào)告．科學(xué)家通過(guò)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，意志力是成功和幸福生活的關(guān)鍵，而缺乏意志力的人往往從事低收入的工作，可能會(huì)有肥胖、吸毒、酗酒、自殺等問(wèn)題．不過(guò)不要絕望．鮑邁斯特說(shuō)我們可以訓(xùn)練我們的意志力就像我們訓(xùn)練我們的肌肉．我們要經(jīng)常地、從一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地做起．

解答 57．A．歸納理解題．本文是介紹意志力的重要性，文章第一段以小女孩為例是為了引出文章的話題，即第二段的最后一句"scientists now say that willpower （意志力） is the key to success and a happy life．"故選A．
58．B．推理判斷題．根據(jù)第五段Years later，scientists found that the children who had waited for two marshmallows were all healthier，happier and richer adults．描述，可知那些會(huì)等待的孩子生活更成功些．故選B．
59．D．由文章最后一段的Like muscles，willpower can"get tired"．可知a是對(duì)的；文章的最后一句"you can try to recharge （恢復(fù)） your willpower with a good night's sleep and by eating well"可知b是對(duì)的；由倒數(shù)第三段的"．Even a little practice can strengthen our overall self-control as long as we do it regularly and frequently．"可知d是對(duì)的；文章沒(méi)有提及定目標(biāo)，所以排除c，故選D．
60．C．主旨大意題．文章1至5段介紹了意志力對(duì)成功的重要性；第六段到最后告訴我們可以像鍛煉肌肉一樣鍛煉意志力．故選C．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 調(diào)查報(bào)告或者研究報(bào)告類的閱讀理解目的在于與讀者分享新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，其發(fā)現(xiàn)往往出現(xiàn)在第一段，而文章的結(jié)尾處往往有論點(diǎn)或發(fā)現(xiàn)的概括，或研究的弊端、或研究的后續(xù)方向，所以讀這類文章的時(shí)候要特別關(guān)注首段和尾段．解題的過(guò)程中強(qiáng)調(diào)整體把握的基礎(chǔ)上依據(jù)原文細(xì)節(jié)推敲推斷．